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GCSE physics - Electricity
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Created by
Jessica Joseph
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Cards (30)
What is required for electrical charge to flow in a circuit?
A
closed
circuit
and
a
source
of
potential
difference
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What is electrical current?
Current
is
the
flow
of
electrical
charge
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How is charge flow (Q) calculated in terms of current (I) and time (t)?
Q
=
It
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What does the current (I) through a component depend on?
The
resistance
(
R)
of
the
component
and
the
potential
difference
(V)
across
it
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How does resistance affect current for a given potential difference?
Greater
resistance
results
in
smaller
current
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What is the equation that relates potential difference (V), current (I), and resistance (R)?
V
=
IR
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What characterizes an ohmic conductor in terms of resistance and potential difference?
Current
is
directly proportional
to
potential difference,
resulting
in a linear graph
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How does the resistance of a filament lamp change with temperature?
The
resistance
increases as the
temperature
of the
filament
increases
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What is the behavior of current through a diode?
Current flows in one direction only, with
higher
resistance in the
reverse
direction
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How does resistance change with current in a thermistor?
Resistance
decreases
as current
increases
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How does the length of a wire affect its resistance?
Greater length
results in
more resistance
and
lower current
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What happens to the resistance of an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) with light intensity?
Resistance
decreases
as light intensity
increases
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What is the function of a diode in a circuit?
A
diode
allows
current
to flow freely in one direction
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What are the characteristics of series circuits?
Current is the
same
everywhere
Total resistance is the sum of
individual resistances
Potential difference is
shared
across
components
Components are connected
end to end
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What are the characteristics of parallel circuits?
Current
splits into multiple paths
Total
current into a junction equals
total
current in branches
Potential difference
is the
same
across each branch
Total
resistance
is less than the
smallest
resistor
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What is the frequency and voltage of mains electricity in the UK?
50
Hz and about
230
V
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What is the role of the live wire in a plug?
The live wire carries the
alternating potential difference
from the
supply
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What is the purpose of the earth wire in a plug?
The
earth wire is a
safety
wire
that
carries
current
only
if
there
is
a
fault
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How is power defined in electrical terms?
Power
is the
energy transferred per second
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How is energy transferred calculated using power and time?
E
=
Pt
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How is energy transferred calculated using charge and potential difference?
E
=
QV
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What
are the energy transfers in everyday appliances?
Kinetic
energy
for
motors
Thermal
energy
in
kettles
Work done
when
charge
flows
through
a
circuit
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What is the National Grid?
The National Grid is a
system of cables
and
transformers
linking
power stations
to
consumers
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What do step-up transformers do?
They increase the potential difference from the
power station
to the
National Grid
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What do step-down transformers do?
They decrease the potential difference from the National Grid to consumers
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What is static electricity?
Static electricity is
the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects
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What happens when two insulators are rubbed together?
Electrons
are
transferred
from one object to the other, creating a positive and negative charge
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What is the electrostatic force?
It is the force of
attraction
or
repulsion
between charged objects
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How does the
distance
between charged objects affect the electrostatic force?
The force
is
proportional to the inverse square of the distance between the objects
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What are the characteristics of electric fields?
They point in the direction a
positive
charge would go
They point away from
positive
charges and towards
negative
charges
Stronger
charges have more field lines and a
stronger
force
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