Pyloric stenosis

• What are some risk factors for pyloric stenosis?


  Family history

  Male

  1st born

  3-6 weeks old
• What causes pyloric stenosis?

  Hypertrophy of circular muscles in pylorus
• What metabolic abnormalities can be causes by pyloric stenosis?


  Hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis

  Hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis
• What are some signs and symptoms of pyloric stenosis?


  Projectile vomiting

  Constipation

  Dehydration

  Failure to thrive

  Feeding intolerance

  Palpable upper abdo mass
• What is seen on an ultrasound for pyloric stenosis?


  Pyloric channel length >15mm

  Pyloric mucle thickness >3mm

  'Target sign'
• What is Target sign?


  Hypertrophied hypoechoic muscle surrounding echogenic mucosa
• What is the classical triad for pyloric stenosis?


  Palpable pyloric mass

  Visible peristalsis

  Projectile vomiting
• How is pyloric stenosis managed?


  IV fluid

  Electrolyte replacement

  Ramstedt pyloromyotomy