Case study Zambia

• Zambia is a LIDC in central southern Africa
• It has a population of 14.5 million
• The capital is Lusaka.
• 70% of Zambia’s exports are copper
• Prices of copper dropped in 1970. Increased back in 2000
• 500 Chinese companies invested into Zambia
• Investment were towards building schools, hospitals and infrastructure
• Until 2006, Zambia was highly indebted
• They received $6.5 million dollars in debt relief
• Zambia became independent in 1964
• Zambia was a British colony
• In 1975 the Kariba Dam was built which helped to copper industry
• Zambia is in the 'take-off stage' in the Rostow model
• There GNI is $3000
• They have a high birth rate and a low death rate
• Literacy rate is 80%
• Bottom up is lead by the communities and are NGO's. They are less expensive
• Top-down is led by the government. This is expensive
• Millennium Goals Adv. : reduce in child mortality, equality in education, 100% attend primary school compared to 1990 (80%)
• Millennium Goals Disadv. : Child morality is still high, lack of sanitation, only 42% go to secondary (girls drop out)
• Bottom up (Room to Read) Adv. : Improve gender equality and girls education, increases employment, 500 new libraries established
• Bottom up (Room to Read) Disadv. : Relies on volunteers, some places receive help and others dont
• Top Down (Kariba Dam) Adv. : Generates hydro-electricity, new industry created such as fishing and tourism
• Top Down (Kariba Dam) Disadv. : 57,000 were moved, farmers were located into infertile land, risk of flooding
• Benefits of TNCs: Provide jobs, workers pay tax to support the government
• Disadvantages of TNCs: exploit local people by paying low wages, pollution from factories, damage environment
• TNC: Transnational company