1.1

• 21. What is the job of a memory address register?

  Holds the address of where data is to be fetched or stored
• 20. What is the role of a program counter?

  Holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched in memory
• 19. What happens in the fetch stage of the FDE cycle?

  The next instruction is fetched from the main memory and brought back to the CPU
• 18. What happens in the decode stage of the FDE cycle?

  CPU inspects the instructions and works out what needs doing
• 17. What happens in the execute stage of the FDE cycle?

  CPU carries out the instructions
• 16. What 4 instructions can the CPU carry out during the execute part of the FDE cycle?

  1.Preforming a calculation

  2. Storing info back into main memory

  3. Going back to main memory

  4. Grabbing data
• 15. What is a key characteristic of Von Neumann Architecture?

  Each instruction is stored in a location in the memory
• 14. What does clock speed do?

  Shows the number of instruction cycle preformed each second. Measured in Hz
• 13. What is the definition of a core?

  A complete copy of the CPU
• 12. What is a benefit of having more cores?

  Gives CPU more power to run multiple instructions at the same time
• 11. Give 2 drawbacks of adding more cores:

  One: Take time to communicate with each other

  Two: Many programs aren't designed to use multiple cores
• 10. What are 2 benefits of increasing cache size?

  One: CPU won't have to fetch from main memory as often

  Two: Much quicker getting items from cache than RAM
• 9. Give 4 examples of embedded systems:

  One: Factory equipment

  Two: Domestic appliances

  Three: Hospital equipment

  Four: Engine management systems
• 8. What is the definition of an embedded system?

  A computer system with a specific function within an electrical or mechanical system
• 7. Give 4 properties of embedded systems:

  One: Small size

  Two: Rugged operating systems

  Three: Low cost per unit

  Four: Low power consumption
• 6. What are registers and do they have the same purpose?

  Tiny fast pieces of onboard memory in the CPU, No
• 5. Give 2 Jobs of the Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

  One: Arithmetic calculations

  Two: Making logical decisions
• 4. What is the job of the control unit (CU)?

  Sends signals to control how data moves around the CPU
• 3. What does the cache do?

  Provides fast access to frequently used data
• 2. Give 4 examples of registers:

  One: Accumulator

  Two: Memory Data Register

  Three: Program Counter

  Four: Memory Address register
• 1. What is the job of a memory address register (MAR)?

  Holds the data fetched from or to be written to memory