Emergence & development of modern day sport

• What was a popular recreation in the 18th century?

  Haxley Hood (Mob Game)
• What is the objective of the Haxley Hood game?

  To fight over a leather stick and move from one end of the village to the other
• How does the Haxley Hood game reflect the nature of society in the 18th century?

  It was violent and involved mass participation, indicating a brutal societal nature
• How long could the Haxley Hood game last?

  It could last for hours, even all day
• Where was Mob Football played?

  On fields across the town
• What are the characteristics of Mob Football?

  It was a localized game with unwritten rules and was often cruel and violent
• Who typically played Mob Football?

  Peasants
• Why was Mob Football considered inexpensive?

  Because it required little equipment
• How did the rural setting affect the game of Mob Football?

  It had few transport boundaries and lots of space for play
• What societal factors contributed to the violent nature of Mob Football?

  The lack of rules and the violent nature of society
• What was a common reason for the infrequent playing of Mob Football?

  Due to lack of time off
• How did blood sports reflect society in the 18th century?

  They reflected a brutal society
• What role did the church play in recreational activities?

  The church was a center of society and provided a place to play games
• Why did people wait until winter to play games?

  To avoid destroying crops
• What were the key terms associated with recreational activities in the 18th century?

  Catharsis, codification, and patronage
• What is catharsis in the context of recreation?

  • Channeling or release of energy in acceptable forms
• What does codification refer to in recreational activities?

  • The development of a single set of accepted rules (or codes) for a game/activity
• What is patronage in the context of 18th-century recreation?

  • Support and financial aid given to lower classes by the gentry as a form of payment for competing
• How did the feudal system affect social segregation in recreational activities?

  • It created divisions in society that influenced participation in games and sports
• What were the societal implications of wagering and heavy drinking in recreational activities?

  • They reflected the harsh lifestyle and social conditions of the time
• Pre industrial Britain

  • two class society
  • Aristocrats = upper class
  • Peasants = lower class
  • popular recreation
• Popular recreation:

  • Localiased
  • Male dominated
  • Violent and cruel
  • Few rules
  • Limited equipment
  • Unstructured
• Mob games:

  • played occasionally
  • alcohol and wagering
• Upper class:

  • landowners and gentry
  • power and influence
  • lot of time and wealth
  • educated
  • activities had rules Eg- horse racing/cricket/archery/real tennis/hunting
• Lower class:

  • subsistence existence
  • labour based jobs
  • limited access to transport
  • mob games-mob football
  • bowing/prize fighting
• What does PLUCICROW stand for?

  Relates to popular recreation during the 19th century

  P- peasants

  L- localised

  U- unwritten rules

  C- cruel and violent

  I- inexpensive

  C- courtly

  R- rural areas

  O- occasional

  W- wagering
• Church and agriculture linking to sporting occasions in pre industrial Britain:

  • holy days - played occasionally
  • church/cemetery grounds to play on
  • played in winter - to not destroy crops
  • let off steam on days off
  • community
  • church gave prizes to winning teams
  • celebrate the harvest festival
  • celebrate days off
• define codification

  the development of a single set of accepted rules for a game
• define catharsis

  channelling or release if energy in acceptable manner
• define patronage

  to support and financial aid given to lower class by gentry as a form of payment for competing and was the early stages of professionality
• what is feudal system?

  two tiered society, upper and lower

  activities where differentiated by class
• Upper class recreational games

  • UC had more money - more resources/equipment
  • UC we’re literate - written rules
  • UC had more free time - more frequent games
  • UC less force based - more sophisticated
• Lower class recreational games

  • LC were illiterate - no written rules
  • LC had less free time - occasional games
  • LC played more violently - preparation for war
  • LC had less money - used natural resources
• Real tennis:

  • purpose built facilities
  • had rules and tactics
  • on contact sport
  • expensive due to equipment
  • not localiased
  • played regularly
  • courtly -played by elite
  • not violent– had etiquette
• define rationalisation

  creation of common understanding/rules/agreed terms/ creation of recognisable sport
• define urbanisation

  large scale of movement of people from rural villages to factory towns
• define broken time payments

  factory owners paid their workers to play football not work in factories for the day
• impact of Industrial Revolution on sport

  • less space to play games
  • limited players
  • set boundaries
  • laws enforced
  • agriculture reduced
  • factory act - more free time for workers
  • factory teams introduced
  • regular competitions
  • made stadiums
  • more spectators & less players
• socio-cultural factors of Industrial Revolution

  1. urbanisation
  2. factories
  3. laws
  4. transport
  5. role of the church
  6. codification
  7. class structure
• influence of public schools

  1. boy culture
  2. social control
  3. athleticism