mixtures

• a mixture describes two or more substances that are not chemically combined together.
• mixtures can be separated through physical processes like: filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography.
• during the separation of mixtures, there is no chemical reaction and no new substances are made.
• a solution is made when a solute dissolves into a solvent.
• a solvent is a liquid that can dissolve a substance in it.
• a solute is a substance that is dissolved into a solvent.
• if a substance can dissolve into a solvent, it is soluble. If it cannot dissolve, it is described as insoluble.
• heating, stirring and using fine powders are all ways to speed up dissolving.
• filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.
• the process of filtration is:

  • A filter paper is placed in a filter funnel above a beaker
  • The mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel
  • The filter paper will only allow liquid particles and soluble solids to pass
  • The liquid that passes through into the beaker is called the filtrate
  • Insoluble solids do not pass through the filter paper and are left behind as a residue
• evaporation is used when a solution is made.