Guidance and Feedback

• Using a sporting example for each, summarise the use of three different guidance methods in the teaching of a new skill (6)

  Verbal guidance:

  - Verbal explanations from coach telling them how to perform

  - May include provision of detailed and additional information, targeting specific parts of the skill

  - Best for associative and autonomous learners

  
  

  Visual guidance:

  - Provision of visual cues

  - May include demonstrations, videos or software analysis

  - Effective for novice learners

  
  

  Manual guidance:

  - Physical manipulation of performer enabling them to execute a skill to feel correct kinaesthesis

  - May improve confidence

  
  

  Mechanical guidance:

  - Use of equipment to enhance learning e.g. harness

  - Prevents unnecessary risk and injury
• Outline 4 main types of guidance used when coaching a skill (4)

  Visual - demonstrations

  
  

  Verbal - knowledge directed through instruction

  
  

  Manual - Physical support through coach

  
  

  Mechanical - Physical support through equipment
• Outline the purpose of feedback in the learning of skills (3)

  - Reinforce learning and strengthen S-R bond

  - Identify strengths and weaknesses

  - Motivate learner

  - Detect errors in performance

  - Provide self-analysis opportunities
• Explain the main purposes of the different types of feedback from the point of view of a coach (4)

  Extrinsic/intrinsic feedback:

  Helps player build understanding of how to perform

  
  

  Concurrent feedback:

  Used for technical analysis during performance e.g. during half time

  
  

  Knowledge of results/performance feedback:

  Used to accelerate performance and motivate
• Outline open loop theory for feedback (4)


  - Open loop model includes input, executive systems, effector system and output

  - Pre-planned without conscious control

  - Movement cannot be changed during the performance

  - No feedback during movement