B1 Retrieval Questions

• Plant and Animal cells are Eukaryotic cells. This is because they have a nucleus.
• Bacterial cells are Prokaryotes. This is because they do not have a nucleus.
• Mitochondria is the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration.
• Ribosomes produce/synthesise proteins.
• The Cell membrane controls substances in and out of the cell.
• Vacuole, Chloroplasts and Cell Wall are organelles you can find in a plant cell, but not an animal cell.
• The Nucleus is where genetic material is found in an animal cell.
• Plasmids are the name of circular rings of DNA in bacteria.
• There are 46 chromosomes in a human body cell.
• There are 23 chromosomes in a genome.
• Give 2 advantages of using an electron microscope over a light microscope:

  • Higher resolution
  • Higher magnification
• Chromosomes duplicate before mitosis occurs.
• A stem cell is an undiffrentiated cell.
• Paralysis, Diabetes, Stroke and Heart disease are diseases that stem cells can be used to treat.
• The Meristem is the part of a plant used for stem cells.
• Root hair cells are specialised as they have a large surface area.
• Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.
• Temperature, Surface area, and concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion.
• Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane from a low concentration to a higher concentration using energy from respiration.