Menstrual cycle

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on hormones in human reproduction?

  The roles of hormones in human reproduction, including those involved in the menstrual cycle
• What is the endocrine system responsible for?

  The release of hormones by glands into the bloodstream that trigger effects in specific target organs
• What role do reproductive hormones play during puberty?

  They cause secondary sexual characteristics to develop
• What hormone do the testes produce in men?

  Testosterone
• What does testosterone stimulate in men?


  The testes to produce sperm
• What hormone do the ovaries produce in women?

  Estrogen
• What happens to eggs in the ovaries once puberty begins?

  They start to mature, and an egg is released every 28 days
• What is the term for the release of an egg from the ovary?

  Ovulation
• What occurs in the uterus in preparation for ovulation?

  The lining becomes thick and spongy
• What happens if the egg is fertilized?

  It can implant into the uterus wall and develop into a baby
• What happens if the egg does not get fertilized?

  Both the egg and the uterus lining are released, resulting in a period
• What are the four key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle?

  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
• What does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

  It causes an egg to mature in the ovary
• What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

  It causes the egg to be released, triggering ovulation
• What are the functions of estrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

  They maintain the uterus lining in case the egg is fertilized and implanted
• What happens to FSH levels when estrogen levels increase?

  Estrogen inhibits the production of FSH, causing its level to fall
• What triggers the release of LH?

  Increased levels of estrogen
• What happens to progesterone levels after ovulation?

  Progesterone levels rise after the ovary releases its egg
• What occurs if fertilization does not take place regarding progesterone levels?

  The level of progesterone falls, leading to the release of the uterus lining and the egg
• How do the levels of FSH, estrogen, LH, and progesterone change during the menstrual cycle?

  FSH rises, triggers estrogen release, estrogen inhibits FSH, LH rises, triggers ovulation, and progesterone rises
• What is the significance of the menstrual cycle in human reproduction?

  It prepares the body for potential pregnancy each month
• What is the average duration of the menstrual cycle?

  28 days
• What is the role of the pituitary gland in the menstrual cycle?

  It releases FSH and LH to regulate the menstrual cycle
• How do the hormones interact during the menstrual cycle?

  FSH stimulates estrogen production, estrogen inhibits FSH, and LH triggers ovulation
• What happens to the uterus lining if fertilization occurs?

  It remains thick to support a fertilized egg
• What is the outcome of the menstrual cycle if fertilization does not occur?

  The woman has a period as the egg and uterus lining are released
• What is the purpose of the video mentioned in the study material?

  To provide questions on reproductive hormones in the vision workbook
• Progesterone helps maintain the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized egg during the second half of the menstrual cycle.
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Released by the anterior pituitary gland, it causes the release of an egg from one of the ovaries during ovulation.
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Also produced by the anterior pituitary gland, it promotes the growth of follicles containing eggs within the ovaries.
• Estrogen: Produced by the ovaries, it prepares the body for pregnancy by causing changes in the cervix, vagina, and breasts.