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• Gene


  A unit of heredity that carries information from one generation to the next.
• Chromosome


  A thread-like structure made up of DNA and proteins that carry genes.
• Dominant


  A trait that is expressed when an individual inherits one copy of the gene.
• Recessive


  A trait that is only expressed when an individual inherits two copies of the gene.
• Mitosis


  A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
• Meiosis


  A process of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells, ensuring each gamete receives a unique combination of chromosomes.
• Fertilization


  The process by which a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, resulting in a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes from both parents.
• Autosomal Dominant


  A dominant allele (version) of a gene will be expressed if an individual inherits one or two copies of it.
• Autosomal Recessive


  A recessive allele will be expressed only if an individual inherits two copies of it.
• X-Linked


  Genes located on the X chromosome can affect males and females differently due to the different number of X chromosomes.