variables

• what is an independent variable?

  • is changed/manipulated
• what is a dependent variable?

  • is measured
  • researcher is looking at how the iv affects dv
• what is operationalising variables?

  • when a hypothesis is written to be in a measurable form & variables are specific
• what is investigator effects?

  • researchers behaviour
  • cues from investigator that encourage participants to behave in a particular way
• what are extraneous variables?

  • unwanted variables that could affect results if not controlled/removed
• what are confounding variables?

  • extraneous variables that were failed to be controlled
  • affected the dv
• what are demand characteristics?

  • participant behaviour
  • a clue/cue which may help participant second guess the experimenters intentions as well as the aim of the study
• what is the please you effect?

  when a participant tries to please the researcher

  may not behave naturally/ over perform
• what is the screw you affect?

  participant deliberately behaves in a way that spoils the experiment

  unnatural behaviour
• define aim?

  • general statement describing purpose of an investigation