IB HL Geography

• What are the main factors influencing population distribution and economic development at the national scale?

  Voluntary internal migration, core-periphery patterns, and megacity growth
• What are the two detailed examples of uneven population distribution discussed in the study material?

  • China
  • South Africa
• What is the population density pattern in China?

  Dense on the east coast
• What significant demographic change has occurred in China since 1995?

  It has experienced the biggest movement of people internally
• What is the fertility rate in China?

  1. 2 babies per female
• How does China's population trend relate to its economic status?

  China has the largest population in the world but is on decline
• What is China's GDP ranking in the world?

  2nd largest GDP in the world
• What is the core-periphery pattern in China?

  Voluntary rural-urban migration with the core located on the east coast
• What is the significance of the Pearl River Delta Megacity in China?

  It consists of 4 cities that have their own economy
• What is the largest port in the world located in China?

  Shanghai
• What challenges does China face due to its population distribution?

  Lack of greenspace, limited access to freshwater, and high pollution rates
• What is the population of South Africa?

  58 million
• Where is the highest population density found in South Africa?

  High density on the east coast and densest in the middle
• What are the key economic activities in South Africa's dense middle region?

  Trading, mining resources, and farming
• How does climate influence living patterns in South Africa?

  Low density in arid areas and higher density around oceans and mountains
• What are the three key periods of internal migration in South Africa?

  Economic migration, forced migration during apartheid, and voluntary migration after apartheid
• What was the impact of the apartheid movement on migration in South Africa?

  Whites stayed in the core while colored people moved to the countryside for work
• What percentage of urban population growth occurred in South Africa from 1995 to 2015?

  55-65%
• What is circular migration in the context of South Africa?

  Movement back and forth between core and periphery, home and host areas
• What is Japan's population trend?

  Ageing and declining
• What is Japan's fertility rate?

  1. 27
• What is Japan's life expectancy ranking in the world?

  Highest life expectancy in the world
• What is the migration rate in Japan?

  Low migration rate with 91% living in urban areas
• What is Rwanda often referred to as?

  The "Singapore of Africa"
• What recent improvements has Rwanda experienced?

  Massive improvements in human wellbeing and economic development
• What is Rwanda's fertility rate influenced by?

  Low contraception rate due to religious beliefs
• What is Rwanda's median age?

  20 years
• What is the death rate and birth rate in Rwanda?

  Death rate is 3.2% and birth rate is 0.5%
• What is the consequence of high fertility rates in Rwanda?

  It leads to a growing working-age population and potential economic boom
• What is the population of Mumbai?

  22 million
• What are the main challenges faced by Mumbai?

  Urban sprawl, pollution, traffic, and crowded public transport
• What opportunities exist in Mumbai due to its challenges?

  Public transport redevelopment and job creation in the informal economy
• What is a defining characteristic of megacities in less developed countries?

  Income inequality with high density
• What is Dharavi known for?

  A slum with $1 billion in revenue and a low crime rate
• What challenge does Dharavi face due to urban renewal projects?

  Revitalization efforts may require relocation of residents
• What is the situation in Kiribati regarding forced migration?

  Residents are being relocated to Fiji due to rising sea levels
• What environmental factor is causing forced migration in Kiribati?

  Rising sea levels due to global warming
• What is the composition of Kiribati?

  32 naturally low-lying atolls
• What are the consequences of forced migration for Kiribati residents?

  Loss of culture, disconnection from land, and damaged homes
• What triggered forced migration in Syria?

  Political unrest and internal protests in 2011