American civil rights

• What was the primary background that led to the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement in the USA?

  The long history of racial discrimination and segregation in the United States, particularly in the Southern states.
• What were the key causes of the Civil Rights Movement?

  - Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation - Racial violence, including lynchings - Economic inequality with limited job opportunities - Educational disparities in segregated schools - Voting restrictions like poll taxes and literacy tests
• How did the Civil Rights Movement gain momentum in the 1950s?

  By African Americans and their allies challenging injustices more openly and systematically.
• What landmark Supreme Court case declared segregated schools unconstitutional?

  Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
• What event sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

  Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her bus seat to a white passenger.
• What was the significance of the Little Rock Nine in 1957?


  It was the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
• What was the purpose of the Sit-ins that began in 1960?

  To protest segregation at lunch counters.
• What were the Freedom Rides of 1961 aimed at challenging?

  Segregation in public transportation.
• What was the significance of the March on Washington in 1963?


  It was a large demonstration for jobs and freedom, featuring Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.
• What was the Birmingham Campaign in 1963 known for?

  Nonviolent protests met with violent police response, drawing national attention.
• What did the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 lead to?

  The Voting Rights Act.
• Who was Martin Luther King Jr.?

  A Baptist minister and leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), known for his nonviolent approach.
• What role did Rosa Parks play in the Civil Rights Movement?


  Her refusal to give up her bus seat sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• What was Malcolm X known for in the Civil Rights Movement?

  Advocating for Black empowerment and criticizing the nonviolent approach.
• Who was Thurgood Marshall?

  NAACP lawyer who argued Brown v. Board of Education and later became the first African American Supreme Court Justice.
• What was the significance of Medgar Evers in the Civil Rights Movement?

  He was an NAACP field secretary in Mississippi who was assassinated for his civil rights work.
• What was Fannie Lou Hamer known for?

  Being a voting rights activist and co-founder of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.
• What did John Lewis contribute to the Civil Rights Movement?

  He was a student leader who became chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and later a congressman.
• What were the major legislative achievements of the Civil Rights Movement?

  - Civil Rights Act of 1964: Prohibited discrimination and banned segregation. - Voting Rights Act of 1965: Banned discriminatory voting practices. - Fair Housing Act of 1968: Prohibited discrimination in housing. - 24th Amendment (1964): Abolished poll taxes in federal elections.
• What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?

  It prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, banned segregation in public places, and outlawed employment discrimination.
• What was the purpose of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

  To ban discriminatory voting practices and eliminate barriers to voting.
• What did the Fair Housing Act of 1968 prohibit?


  Discrimination in housing sales, rentals, and financing.
• What did the 24th Amendment achieve?

  It abolished poll taxes in federal elections.
• What were the impacts and legacies of the Civil Rights Movement?

  - Legal changes dismantling segregation - Social transformation in attitudes towards race - Political empowerment and increased voter registration - Educational opportunities and desegregation - Economic progress for African Americans - Inspiration for other movements - Ongoing challenges with systemic racism - Cultural impact on art and literature