Vocab

• Bohr Shift


  When the oxyhemoglobin moves to the right during exercise
• Chemoreceptors


  Monitor increases in blood acidity during exercise due to increased CO2
• Baroreceptors 


  Located in blood vessels and detect changes in blood pressure
• Proprioceptors


  Detects increases in muscle movement during exercise
• Golgi Tendon Organ


  Proprioceptors are activated when there are high levels of muscle tension, they start autogenic inhibition which is sudden muscle relaxation.
• What can autogenic inhibition override?

  The stretch reflex in PNF stretching
• Sympathetic Nervous System 


  Is the body’s “fight or flight” system which speeds up breathing rate
• Parasympathetic Nervous System


  “Rest and digest” system which decreases breathing rate
• Beta Oxidation


  Stored fat is broken down not fatty acids before being converted into acetyl coenzyme A
• Anaerobic Glycolytic System


  Resynthesises ATP quickly for up to 3 minutes but produce fatiguing byproducts
• Energy Continuum


  The changing mix or energy systems which provide the ATP required across different activities and durations
• Tetanic Contraction


  A smooth sustained muscle contraction, not a muscle twitch
• Wave Summation 


  A repeated nerve impulse, which does not allow the muscle fibres to fully relax
• Isotonic Concentric 


  A muscle contracts and shortens, producing movement
• Isotonic Eccentric


  A muscle lengthens under tension, controlling the speed of motion caused by gravity
• ATP-PC System


  The fastest system at resynthesising ATP due to the limited number of chemical reactions needed
• How long does the ATP - PC System last?

  It can only last 8-10 seconds as it is limited by phosphocreatine stores
• The energy produced by breaking the bone in. PC is used to resynthesise ATP from ADP + Pi on a 1:1 ratio
• Indirect Caliometry

  A technique that provides an estimation of energy expenditure from the amount of CO2 produced and O2 consumed during rest and steady-state exercise
• Respiratory Exchange Ratio

  The ratio of CO2 produced to the O2 consumed. A ratio of near 0.7 suggests the body is using fats as its primary fuel, while 1.0 would indicate carbohydrates
• Muscle Spindles


  They are proprioceptors that detect how far of fast a muscle is stretching.
• What do Muscle Spindles do?

  They initiate the stretch reflex where a muscle will contract to prevent overstretching
• Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)


  An advanced stretching technique considered to be one of the most effective methods for increasing range of motion at a joint
• Spatial Summation 


  The addition of impulses received at the same time, but at different locations on the neuron. If, when added together, the impulses are large enough and action potential will be released