photosynthesis ✩

• What is transpiration in plants?

  Transpiration is the process of water evaporating from the surfaces of leaves.
• Why is transpiration important for plants?

  Transpiration brings water to the leaf, transports dissolved mineral ions, and cools the leaf.
• What are the key tissues found in the leaf mentioned in the video?

  The key tissues are the palisade mesophyll and the xylem.
• What role does the palisade mesophyll play in the leaf?

  The palisade mesophyll is where photosynthesis takes place.
• What is the function of xylem tissue in plants?

  Xylem tissue transports water and dissolved mineral ions from the roots to the leaves.
• How does water enter the roots of plants?

  Water enters the roots through root hair cells.
• What initiates the process of transpiration?

  Transpiration starts with the evaporation of water from cells inside the leaf.
• What happens to water vapor during transpiration?

  The water vapor diffuses through the air spaces in the spongy mesophyll and out of the leaf through the stomata.
• What is the transpiration stream?

  The transpiration stream is the process where water passes from the xylem into the leaf to replace the water that is being lost.
• What are the three main roles of transpiration in plants?

  Transpiration brings water to the leaf, transports dissolved mineral ions, and cools the leaf.
• How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

  The rate of transpiration is greater at higher temperatures because evaporation is faster.
• What effect do dry conditions have on the rate of transpiration?

  Transpiration is faster under dry conditions because evaporation takes place more quickly.
• How does wind influence the rate of transpiration?

  The rate of transpiration increases in windy conditions because wind removes water vapor, allowing more water to evaporate.
• What happens to the rate of transpiration when light intensity increases?

  The rate of transpiration increases when light intensity increases because stomata open to allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis.
• What are stomata and their function in plants?

  Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that allow gas exchange and water loss.
• What role do guard cells play in the functioning of stomata?

  Guard cells surround stomata and change shape to open or close them based on light intensity and temperature.
• What happens to guard cells during high light intensity?

  During high light intensity, guard cells swell and change shape, causing stomata to open.
• What is the consequence of stomata closing under hot conditions?

  When stomata close under hot conditions, the plant reduces water loss by transpiration but cannot photosynthesize.
• What are the factors that affect the rate of transpiration in plants?

  • Higher temperatures increase the rate of transpiration.
  • Dry conditions increase the rate of transpiration.
  • Windy conditions increase the rate of transpiration.
  • Higher light intensity increases the rate of transpiration.
• What are the roles of stomata and guard cells in plants?

  • Stomata allow gas exchange and water loss.
  • Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata based on environmental conditions.
• What is the process of transpiration in plants?

  1. Water evaporates from leaf cells.
  2. Water vapor diffuses through spongy mesophyll and out of stomata.
  3. Water is replaced from xylem to the leaf.
  4. Water is drawn into root hair cells and up the xylem vessels.
• What process must a plant carry out to grow and survive?

  Photosynthesis
• Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant?


  In the leaves, specifically in the chloroplasts
• What pigment in chloroplasts absorbs light for photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• What does chlorophyll do with the energy it absorbs?


  It converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?


  It is an endothermic reaction
• How does energy get transferred to chloroplasts?


  By light
• How does carbon dioxide enter the leaves of a plant?


  It diffuses through the stomata
• How does a plant obtain water for photosynthesis?


  Water is taken up from the soil by the roots and transported to the leaves via the xylem
• What is the primary product that plants want from photosynthesis?


  Glucose
• What is one use of glucose in plants?


  Cellular respiration to release energy
• What are the five main uses of glucose in plants?


  1. Cellular respiration
  2. Making cellulose for cell walls
  3. Making starch for long-term storage
  4. Making amino acids with nitrate ions
  5. Making oils and fats for energy storage
• Why is starch a better form of glucose for storage?


  It is more compact and insoluble
• How do plants make amino acids?


  By combining glucose molecules with nitrate ions from the soil
• What is the role of oils and fats in plants?


  They serve as a future energy resource, particularly for seeds
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?


  Light intensity, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and chlorophyll levels
• What happens to photosynthesis if a plant has less chlorophyll?


  It will not be able to carry out as much photosynthesis
• What can cause a plant to have varying levels of chlorophyll?


  Disease, environmental stress, or lack of nutrients
• What are limiting factors for photosynthesis typically referred to?


  Light, carbon dioxide, and temperature
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?


  The rate of photosynthesis increases up to a point