PROCESS

• OVERALL PROCESS (PART 1)?

  1. Chlorophyll molecule absorbs photons
  2. Electron pair becomes excited
  3. Moves to higher energy level
  4. Leaves chlorophyll molecule
  5. Chlorophyll molecule becomes ionised (photoionisation)
  6. Electrons taken up by electron carriers (NADP)
  7. NADP reduced to NADPH
  8. Electrons passed along several carriers in redox reaction series (electron transport chain)
  9. Small amount of energy lost each time
  10. Energy lost used to synthesise ATP from ADP + Pi
  11. Electron pair lost from light absorption must be replaced by photolysis of a water molecule
• PROCESS PART 2 (AFTER PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER)?

  1. Protons from stroma pumped into thylakoid space using protein carriers
  2. Using excess energy lost from electron transport chains
  3. Photolysis of water produces more protons
  4. Maintaining a high concentration of protons in thylakoid space
  5. Protons leave thylakoid space through ATP synthase enzymes
  6. Creates a proton motive force which converts ADP + Pi into ATP (chemiosmosis)
  7. Protons taken up by NADP
  8. Electron pair from electron transport chain also taken up by NADP
  9. NADP reduced to NADPH (used in LIR)
  10. Oxygen diffuses out leaf as waste product
• WHAT DO THE ELECTRON PAIR BECOME WHEN THEY LEAVE THE CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULE?

  excited
• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULE ABSORBS LIGHT ENERGY?

  electron pair becomes excited and leave the chlorophyll molecule
• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ELECTRONS LEAVE THE CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULE?

  chlorophyll molecule becomes ionised
• HOW DO CHLOROPHYLL BECOME IONISED?

  photoionisation
• WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN ELECTRON CARRIER?

  NADP
• WHAT IS THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN?

  redox reaction series
• WHAT HAPPENS AS A RESULT OF THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN?

  small amount of energy is lost each time
• WHAT IS THE ENERGY THAT IS LOST FROM THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN USED FOR?

  • (main) synthesise ATP from ADP + Pi
  • (excess) protons from stroma pumped into thylakoid space using protein carriers
• HOW IS THE ELECTRON PAIR LOST FROM LIGHT ABSORPTION REPLACED?

  photolysis of water
• HOW ARE PROTONS FROM THE STROMA PUMPED INTO THE THYLAKOID SPACE?

  protein carriers and excess energy from electron transport chain
• WHAT DOES PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER PRODUCE?

  protons, electrons and oxygen
• WHAT DO THE PROTONS PRODUCED IN PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER DO?

  maintain high concentration of H+ ions in thylakoid space
• WHAT DOES THE OXYGEN PRODUCED IN PHOTOLYSIS OF WATER DO?

  diffuses out leaf as waste product
• HOW DO H+ IONS LEAVE THE THYLAKOID SPACE?

  through ATP synthase enzymes
• WHAT DOES H+ IONS LEAVING THE THYLAKOID SPACE THROUGH ATP SYNTHASE ENZYMES PRODUCE?

  proton motive force
• WHAT DOES THE PROTON MOTIVE FORCE DO?

  convert ADP + Pi into ATP
• WHAT IS THE CONVERSION OF ADP AND Pi INTO ADP CALLED?

  chemiosmosis
• WHAT ARE THE PROTONS FROM THE PROTON MOTIVE FORCE TAKEN UP BY?

  NADP
• WHAT DOES NADP TAKE UP (SECOND TIME)?

  H+ ions and electron pair
• WHERE DOES NADP GET ITS ELECTRON PAIR FROM?

  electron transport chain