Mary religous change

• What was Mary's main religious reform?

  Restore Catholicism
• What was one of the challenges Mary faced in restoring Catholicism?

  Many people were already Protestant and did not want the Pope back in English affairs
• What was the initial condition of religion in England during Mary's reign?

  It started with Catholicism, then became slightly Protestant, then completely Protestant, and finally back to Catholicism
• What was the general sentiment regarding Mary's restoration of the English church to papal jurisdiction?

  There was enthusiasm, but it was more complicated than anticipated
• What were the divisions in support for Mary's religious reforms?

  There were deeply rooted divisions, with some areas supporting Protestantism, particularly in London and Kent
• Who was a notable advocate for Mary's changes among the clergy?

  Robert Parkyn, a Yorkshire priest
• What legal support did Protestantism have during Mary's reign?

  Statute law supported Protestantism, requiring processes to be followed
• What did Mary's proclamation state regarding the Catholic religion?

  She professed the Catholic religion and desired her subjects to follow suit without compulsion until further decisions were made
• What was the significance of the date October 5, 1553, in Mary's religious reforms?


  It marked the reintroduction of Catholicism
• What was the contradiction in Mary's position regarding the Church of England?

  Mary was the head of the Church of England but wanted Pope Julius III to be in charge
• How did Mary confirm the relationship between statute law and divine law?

  She confirmed that statute law has a higher place than divine law
• What event in January 1554 caused hesitation in Mary's religious reforms?

  The Wyatt Rebellion
• What was the outcome of the third parliament in November 1554?


  It ended royal supremacy and repealed legislation back to Henry VIII's break with Rome
• What challenges did Mary face regarding the landed elites during her reign?

  She had to compromise with landed elites who had profited from the dissolution of monasteries
• What was the role of Cardinal Reginald Pole during Mary's reign?

  He became papal legate and aimed to reorganize the church
• What was one of Cardinal Pole's main objectives upon arriving in England?

  To help Rome's authority over England and restore the church's social and pastoral role
• What were some of the problems faced by Cardinal Pole in his role?

  Church resources had been eroded, and he lacked sufficient money to enforce changes
• What significant event occurred in 1555 that affected Cardinal Pole's position?

  Pope Julius III died
• How did Pope Paul IV's attitude affect Cardinal Pole?

  Pope Paul IV did not like Cardinal Pole and also disliked Spain
• What impact did Cardinal Pole's replacement have on Mary?

  Mary acknowledged the replacement of Pole by William Peto
• How did Mary's marriage to Philip affect her relationship with the papacy?

  Mary technically ended up at war with the papacy due to her marriage
• What was the significance of the six articles of 1547 in Mary's reforms?

  They were reinstated as part of the return to Catholicism
• What were the implications of the changes to the treason law during Mary's reign?

  Treason was defined as action against the monarch rather than denial of supremacy
• What was the impact of the 800 people going into exile during Mary's reign?

  It indicated significant opposition to her religious reforms
• What was the significance of the heresy law reinstatement in spring 1554?


  It reflected divisions in government and opposition to Mary's reforms
• What was the purpose of the Pole synod of 1555-1556?

  To ensure bishops resided in their diocese and improved education and training for priests
• How did the variations in enthusiasm for reforms affect Cardinal Pole's efforts?


  They hindered his ability to enforce changes effectively across the country
• What were the financial implications of returning church land to the crown?

  It affected Mary's own finances as she returned land worth £60,000 to the church
• What was the impact of widespread public sympathy during Mary's reign?

  It strengthened sympathy for martyrdom.