Apbio

    Cards (100)

    • mitosis
      part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
    • cytokinesis
      division of the cytoplasm during cell division
    • chromatids
      one of the two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
    • centromeres
      area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
    • interphase
      period of the cell cycle between cell division
    • cell cycle
      series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
    • prophase
      first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the cell's DNA
    • centrioles
      one of the two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cels near the nuclear envelope
    • spindle
      fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
    • metaphase
      second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
    • anaphase
      the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
    • telophase
      fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
    • cyclin
      one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
    • cancer
      disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
    • genetics
      scientific study of heredity
    • fertilization
      process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
    • true-breeding
      term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
    • trait
      specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
    • hybrids
      offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
    • genes
      sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
    • alleles
      one of a number of different forms of a gene
    • segregation
      separation of alleles during gamete formation
    • gametes
      specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
    • probability
      likelihood that a particular event will occur
    • punnett square

      diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
    • homozygous
      term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
    • heterozygous
      term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait
    • phenotype
      physical characteristics of an organism
    • genotype
      genetic makeup of an organism
    • independent assortment
      independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes
    • incomplete dominance
      situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another
    • codominance
      situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
    • multiple alleles
      three or more alleles of the same gene
    • polygenic traits
      trait controlled by two or more genes
    • homologous
      term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
    • diploid
      term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
    • haploid
      term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
    • meiosis
      process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
    • tetrad
      structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
    • crossing-over
      process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis