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Juana Ramirez
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Cards (100)
mitosis
part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell
nucleus
divides
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cytokinesis
division
of the cytoplasm during
cell division
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chromatids
one of the two identical "
sister
" parts of a
duplicated
chromosome
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centromeres
area where the
chromatids
of a
chromosome
are attached
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interphase
period of the
cell
cycle between
cell
division
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cell cycle
series of events that
cells
go through as they grow and
divide
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prophase
first and longest phase of
mitosis
, during which the
chromosomes
become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the cell's DNA
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centrioles
one of the two tiny structures located in the
cytoplasm
of animal cels near the
nuclear envelope
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spindle
fanlike
microtubule
structure that helps separate the
chromosomes
during mitosis
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metaphase
second phase of
mitosis
, during which the
chromosomes
line up across the center of the cell
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anaphase
the
third
phase of
mitosis
, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
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telophase
fourth and final phase of
mitosis
, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a
tangle
of dense material
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cyclin
one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the
cell
cycle in eukaryotic
cells
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cancer
disorder in which some of the body's own
cells
lose the ability to control
growth
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genetics
scientific study of
heredity
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fertilization
process in sexual reproduction in which male and female
reproductive
cells join to form a new
cell
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true-breeding
term used to describe organisms that produce offspring
identical
to themselves if allowed to
self-pollinate
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trait
specific characteristic that
varies
from one individual to another
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hybrids
offspring of
crosses
between parents with different
traits
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genes
sequence of
DNA
that codes for a
protein
and thus determines a trait
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alleles
one of a number of different forms of a
gene
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segregation
separation of alleles during
gamete
formation
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gametes
specialized
cell
involved in
sexual reproduction
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probability
likelihood
that a particular
event
will occur
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punnett
square
diagram showing the
gene
combinations that might result from a genetic
cross
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homozygous
term used to refer to an organism that has
two identical alleles
for a particular trait
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heterozygous
term used to refer to an organism that has two
different
alleles for the same
trait
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phenotype
physical
characteristics of an organism
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genotype
genetic
makeup
of an organism
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independent assortment
independent segregation of
genes
during the formation of
gametes
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incomplete dominance
situation in which one
allele
is
not completely dominant
over another
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codominance
situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the
phenotype
of the organism
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multiple
alleles
three or more alleles of the same
gene
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polygenic traits
trait controlled by
two
or
more
genes
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homologous
term used to refer to
chromosomes
that each have a corresponding chromosome from the
opposite-sex
parent
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diploid
term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of
homologous chromosomes
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haploid
term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of
chromosomes
and therefore only a single set of
genes
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meiosis
process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of
homologous
chromosomes in a
diploid
cell
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tetrad
structure containing
4 chromatids
that forms during
meiosis
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crossing-over
process in which
homologous chromosomes
exchange portions of their chromatids during
meiosis
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