Unit 1

• What is the definition of growth in the context of life stages?

  Growth is the increase in height and weight.
• How is development defined?

  Development is the increase or gaining of skills, abilities, and capabilities.
• What are developmental norms?

  Developmental norms are the expected rate of growth and development, also known as milestones.
• What are the life stages of development?

  • Infancy (0-2)
  • Childhood (3-8)
  • Adolescence (9-18)
  • Early adulthood (19-45)
  • Middle adulthood (46-65)
  • Later adulthood (65+)
• Who are considered adolescents?

  Adolescents are the people in the adolescence life stage.
• What is the time period referred to as adolescence?

  Adolescence is the time period from ages 9 to 18.
• What physical changes occur during adolescence?

  Adolescents continue to grow in height and weight, achieving their full height during this life stage.
• How do motor skills develop during adolescence?

  Motor skills improve further and become increasingly specialized during adolescence.
• What are primary and secondary sexual characteristics?

  • Primary sexual characteristics are present at birth but develop during puberty.
  • Secondary sexual characteristics develop during puberty.
• What is the growth pattern in infancy?

  Infants experience rapid growth in the first 6 months, doubling in size and tripling by the time they are 1 year old.
• What are the principles of growth in infancy?

  • Development from head to toe
  • Development from inside to outside
  • Development from large muscles to small muscles
• What are gross motor skills?

  Gross motor skills involve the large muscles in the body.
• What are fine motor skills?

  Fine motor skills, also called manipulative skills, involve the small muscles of the body.
• What happens to the human body in early adulthood?

  In early adulthood, the human body reaches a stage of being fully grown and most people are at their physical peak.
• What is maturity in the context of adulthood?

  Maturity is the state of being fully developed.
• What hormonal changes occur during perimenopause?


  During perimenopause, women in their 40s gradually make less estrogen and no longer produce an egg each month.
• What happens during menopause?

  During menopause, the reproductive system shuts down, and a woman is no longer capable of bearing children.
• How does growth occur during childhood?

  Children continue to grow at a steady rate during childhood, but at a slower rate than in infancy.
• How do boys and girls compare in height during childhood?

  Boys are usually slightly taller than girls during childhood.
• What changes occur in a child's body proportions during childhood?

  Throughout childhood, the proportions of the child's body change.
• How does play contribute to development in childhood?

  Play teaches children to solve problems, develop memory, and become sociable.
• What skills are primarily developed during childhood?

  Most skills used in childhood and beyond involve coordination.
• What physical changes are observed during later adulthood?

  Little physical improvement is seen during later adulthood, though regular exercise and health care can slow down the effects of aging.
• What changes occur in the body during later adulthood?

  Skin, hair, organs, senses, mobility, strength, immunity, and height all change or deteriorate during later adulthood.
• What diseases and conditions can affect health in later adulthood?

  Diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's can affect health during later adulthood.
• What do intellectual and cognitive development refer to?

  They refer to how individuals organize their ideas and make sense of the world.
• What are some components included in intellectual development?

  Memory, using language, problem solving, and decision making.
• Why is understanding how individuals learn important?

  It is essential for human growth and development.
• What does moral development refer to?

  It refers to understanding right and wrong.
• What is the vocabulary range of a teenager according to Chomsky?

  Around 40,000 words.
• How do Piaget's schemes develop during childhood and adolescence?

  They continue to develop as children move from preoperational to concrete operational and then to formal operational stages.
• What is the significance of moving from egocentric thinking to conservation thinking?

  It indicates the development of abstract thought.
• What is the relationship between rapid intellectual development and brain growth in infancy?

  Rapid intellectual development is partially linked to the rapid growth of the brain and body.
• What percentage of full size is a baby's brain at birth?

  30% of full size.
• What percentage of full size is a baby's brain at 2 years of age?

  80% of full size.
• What is the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) according to Chomsky?

  It is a pre-programmed mechanism to learn language.
• What are Piaget's schemas?

  They are categories of knowledge that help us interpret and understand the world.
• What is equilibrium in Piaget's theory?

  It is a state of balance and understanding of the world.
• What does disequilibrium mean in Piaget's theory?


  It refers to when new information doesn't fit existing understanding.
• What is accommodation in Piaget's theory?

  It is changing existing schemas based on new information.