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Chemistry: Chemical tests
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Cards (37)
What are anions?
Negatively
charged ions
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What happens when a carbonate reacts with an acid?
It forms a
salt
,
carbon dioxide
gas, and water
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How can you test for the presence of carbonates in a solution?
Add
dilute hydrochloric acid
and bubble the gas produced through
lime water
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What indicates a positive test result for carbonates when using lime water?
If the
lime
water turns
cloudy
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What is the test for sulfates based on?
The reaction of
barium
ions with
sulfate
ions to form barium sulfate
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What is the appearance of barium sulfate when formed?
It is a
white precipitate
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What must be done before adding barium ions to test for sulfates?
Add
dilute hydrochloric acid
to remove
carbonate
or sulfite ions
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Why is it important to remove carbonate or sulfite ions before testing for sulfates?
To avoid confusion from unwanted
white
precipitates
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What is the first step in the test for halide ions?
Add dilute
nitric acid
to remove
carbonate
and sulfite impurities
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What is added in the second step of the halide test?
Add
silver nitrate
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How does the color of the precipitate help identify halide ions?
The color indicates which
halide ion
is present
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What color precipitate forms with chloride ions?
White
precipitate (
silver chloride
)
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What color precipitate forms with bromide ions?
Cream
precipitate (
silver
bromide)
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What color precipitate forms with iodide ions?
Yellow
precipitate (
silver
iodide)
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What is the process for testing for halide ions?
Add dilute
nitric
acid to remove impurities.
Add
silver nitrate
to the sample.
Observe the
color
of the precipitate:
White
for chloride
Cream
for bromide
Yellow
for iodide
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What does the term '
cation
' refer to?
A
positively
charged ion
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Which of the following ions is an example of a cation?
Mg
2
+
^{2+}
2
+
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Why are nearly all cations metal ions?
Because metals form
positive
ions
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What is the only common exception to the rule that cations are metal
ions
?
The
ammonium
ion,
NH
4
+
_{4}^{+}
4
+
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What are the two groups of tests for cations?
Flame
tests
Metal hydroxide
tests
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What are the steps to perform a flame test?
Clean a platinum (or nichrome) wire loop with
dilute hydrochloric acid
and rinse with
distilled water.
Heat
the wire loop over a
Bunsen burner
flame.
Dip
the wire loop into the compound to be
tested.
Hold the wire loop in the clear
blue
part of the Bunsen burner flame.
Observe the
color
of the flame.
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What color flame do lithium ions (Li
+
^{+}
+
) produce?
A
crimson
flame
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What color flame do sodium ions (Na
+
^{+}
+
) produce?
A
yellow
flame
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What color flame do potassium ions (K
+
^{+}
+
) produce?
A
lilac
flame
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What color flame do calcium ions (Ca
2
+
^{2+}
2
+
) produce?
An
orange-red
flame
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What color flame do copper ions (Cu
2
+
^{2+}
2
+
) produce?
A
green
flame
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What is a limitation of the flame test?
Colors
of
flames
may mix if there are multiple metals in the sample
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How does the metal hydroxide test work for identifying metal ions?
React metal ions with
sodium hydroxide
(NaOH)
Observe the
color
of the solution or
precipitate
formed
Some metal ions form colored
precipitates
with
hydroxide
ions
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What color precipitate does copper(II) form when reacted with hydroxide ions?
A
blue
precipitate
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What color precipitate does calcium form when reacted with hydroxide ions?
A
white
precipitate
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What color precipitate does iron(II) form when reacted with hydroxide ions?
A
green
precipitate
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What color precipitate does iron(III) form when reacted with hydroxide ions?
A
brown
precipitate
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What color precipitate does magnesium form when reacted with hydroxide ions?
A
white
precipitate
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What color precipitate does aluminium form when reacted with hydroxide ions?
A
white
precipitate that redissolves to form a
colorless
solution with excess NaOH
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Sulphuric acid test -
white fumes
(
SO2
)
Iodine solution test -
brown
/
black
precipitate
Bromine
water test -
purple
colour
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