genbio1.4

• Histology is the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope.
• Cells of Higher Animals - Somatic cells
• Somatic cells (body cells) examples:

  Red blood cell

  neurons

  epithelial cells

  liver cells

  somite

  platelets
• Play a physiological role in the overall organisms function of the organisms - somatic cells
• Germ Cells - are cells in your reproductive organs.
• Germ cells are found in the ovaries and the testes and develop into gametes.
• Gametes are sex cells.
• They are ova, or eggs, in females. - gametes
• They are spermatozoa, sperm cells, in males. - gametes
• True or False: DNA in your gametes can be passed on to your children. True
• Diploid = 2(n)
• Haploid: In humans: n=23 chromosomes: 2(n)= 46 total chromosomes. False - Diploid
• 2 sets of each chromosomes - Diploid
• Somatic cells are diploid
• Body Cells (nerve. muscle, bone, etc.) - Diploid
• Haploid = n
• Diploid: In humans: n= 23 chromosomes Only 23 chromosomes total - False, Haploid
• Gametes are haploid Sex Cells (Sperm & Egg)
• 1 set of chromosones - Haploid
• Ovum = The female reproductive cell.
• Plural of ovum = Ova
• Germ cells in terms of genetic materials is Haploid (one copy of genetic material) the mode of reproduction is Meiosis the localization is Testis and ovary and the function is Reproduction
• Somatic cells in terms of genetic materials is commonly diploid (two sets of genetic material) the mode of production is Mitosis the localization is Found anywhere in the body and the function is Systematic physiology
• Plant tissue systems fall into one of two general types: meristematic tissue, and permanent (or non-meristematic) tissue.
• Cells of the meristematic tissue are found in meristems, which are plant regions of continuous cell division and growth. The division will lead to different specialization for a particular function.
• Apical meristem - Incresaes height
• Intercalary meristem - Increases internode length
• Lateral meristem - Increases girth
• Apical meristems contain meristematic tissue located at the tips of stems and roots, which enable a plant to extend in length.
• Apical meristem - Incresaes height
• Lateral meristems facilitate growth in thickness or girth in a maturing plant.
• Intercalary meristems occur only in monocots, at the bases of leaf blades and at nodes (the areas where leaves attach to a stem).
• A monocot, which an abbreviation for monocotyledon, will have only one cotyledon and a dicot, or dicotyledon, will have two cotyledons
• Meristems produce cells that quickly differentiate, or specialize, and become permanent tissue. Such cells take on specific roles and lose their ability to divide further
• Dermal tissue covers the plant and can be found on the outer layer of roots, stems and leaves.
• Its main functions are transpiration, gas exchange and defense. - Dermal tissue
• Ground Tissue - Often times, tissues that are not considered dermal or vascular tissue are noted as ground tissue
• Collenchyma is living supportive tissue that has elongated cells and an unevenly thickened primary cell wall. Its main function is the mechanical support of young stems and leaves via turgor
• Vascular tissue is the plumbing system of the plant. It allows water, minerals, and dissolved sugars from photosynthesis to pass through roots, stems, leaves, and other parts of the plant.
• Xylem tissue transports water and minerals from the roots to different parts of the plant.