Research issues

• What are extraneous variables?

  Factors that can affect the outcome of an investigation but are not being investigated
• What are confounding variables?

  Factors that can impact the relationship between the IV and DV in an experiment and can lead to an incorrect conclusion about the cause
• What are demand characteristics?

  Cues or clues in a research setting that may influence participants to respond in a certain way, potentially biasing the results of the study.

  Participants may also second guess the aim and alter their behaviour
• What are investigator effects?

  Biases or influences that investigators may have on the research process or outcomes.
• What is standardisation?

  Ensuring all participants have the same experience
• What is randomisation?

  Assigning participants or subjects to different groups or conditions in a study or experiment in a random manner.