MITOSIS

• 2 KINDS OF CELL DIVISION

  • MITOSIS - division of somatic cell
  • MEIOSIS - creation of new sex cells
• CELL CYCLE

  • A typical cell goes through a process of growth, development and reproduction call the cell cycle
  • Most of the cell cycle is called Interphase
• Cell Cycle

  • The longest phase in the cell cycle is Interphase
  • The 3 stages of Interphase in G1, S, and G2
• What Is Mitosis

  • A type of cell division that produce two genetical identical cell each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the present nucleus
• CHARACTERISTIC OF MITOSIS

  • A diploid cell wall gives rise to a diploid cell.
  • Chromosomes number remains the same.
  • The DNA remains identically the same.
  • One cell (2n) gives rise to two cells (2N).
• STAGES OF MITOSIS (PMAT)

  • PROPHASE
  • METAPHASE
  • ANAPHASE
  • TELOPHASE

  A) INTERPHASE

  B) PROPHASE

  C) METAPHASE

  D) ANAPHASE

  E) TELOPHASE

  F) CYTOKINESIS

  
• PROPHASE

  • Largest phase of mitosis
  • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  • The nuclear envelope breaks down
  • The centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
  • A spindle starts to form
  • Spindles are fibers that are made out of microtubules.

  A) NUCLEOLUS

  B) CHROMATIN

  C) CHROMOSOMES

  D) CENTROSOMES

  E) MITOTIC SPINDLE

  
• METAPHASE

  • Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each pair of the sister chromatids.
  • The sister chromatids line up at the equator, or middle of the cell.
  • The spindle fibers ensure that the separation of the sister chromatids

  A) imaginary plane

  
• ANAPHASE

  • Chromosomes break at centromeres and the sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.

  A) centromeres

  B) sister

  
• TELOPHASE

  • During telophase, the cell prepares to repeat it's cycle.
  • The chromosomes begin to uncoil and break down
  • A new nuclear membrane forms

  A) CHROMOSOMES

  B) CHROMATIN

  C) NUCLEOLI

  D) ENVELOPE

  
• CYTOKINESIS

  • THE CYTOPLASM SPLITS IN TWO AND THE CELL DIVIDES.

  A) DAUGHTER CELLS

  
• CYTOKINESIS

  • The division of the cytoplasm
  • In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and separates daughter cells.
  • In plant cells, a cell plate forms and separates daughter cells.

  
• REASONS FOR MITOSIS

  There are three main reasons:

  • Growth
  • Repair/healing
  • Asexual reproduction
• CELL DIVISION BY MITOSIS

  Some cells divide constantly:

  • Cells in the embryo
  • Skin cells
  • Gut lining cells etc

  A) INTESTINAL CELL

  B) EPITHELIAL CELL

  
• • Diploid Cell (2n):
  • A diploid cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
  • In humans, the diploid number is 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
  • Most cells in the body are diploid, such as somatic cells (e.g., skin, muscle, and brain cells).
  • Diploid cells undergo mitosis, a process that ensures each new cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.
• Haploid Cell (n):

  • A haploid cell contains one set of chromosomes.
  • In humans, the haploid number is 23 chromosomes.
  • Haploid cells are gametes (sperm and egg cells) that are involved in sexual reproduction.
  • Haploid cells are produced through meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half.