5. The Nature vs Nurture Debate

• What is the biological view of behavior?

  People are born with natural desires and uncontrollable instincts
• What are some examples of biological instincts in behavior?

  Women cuddling babies, men raping women, and people going to war
• What is the sociological view of behavior?

  People's behavior is socially learned
• What are some examples of socially learned behavior?

  Language creation and the perception of women as sexual objects
• What did Bouchard's twin studies reveal about identical twins raised apart?

  • Identical twins can have similar mannerisms, behavior, and preferences despite being raised in different environments.
  • Example: Oskar and Jack had similarities in temperament and favorite foods.
• What were the circumstances of Oskar and Jack's upbringing?

  Oskar was raised in Germany by his grandmother, while Jack was raised in the Caribbean by his father
• What similarities did Jim and Jim share when they reunited at age 39?

  • Both had the same tension headaches
  • Prone to nail-biting and smoking the same brand of cigarettes
  • Drove the same type of car and vacationed at the same beach
• What are feral children?

  Children who are without human contact from a very young age
• What was unique about Isabel, the "chicken girl"?

  She was left in a chicken coop and exhibited behaviors like beating her arms and drumming her feet
• What were the circumstances of Kamala and Amala's upbringing?

  They lived with wolves in India after being lost or snatched as babies
• What behaviors did Kamala and Amala exhibit?

  They howled, walked on all fours, and ate directly from a bowl with their mouth
• What was Genie’s situation regarding human contact?

  She had no human contact until she was 13 years old
• What were the effects of Genie’s lack of care during her early years?

  She suffered permanent biological damage and never learned to speak fluently
• What happened to Bruce Reimer after his circumcision accident?

  • Dr. Money suggested Bruce be raised as a girl named Brenda.
  • Bruce was unhappy and attempted suicide at age 13.
  • He later transitioned back to being David and eventually took his own life.
• What do cross-cultural studies examine in relation to behavior?

  They explore whether behavior supports the nature or nurture side of the debate
• How does the Hamar Tribe's socialization support the nurture side of the debate?

  They socialize everyone in the tribe to their norms, values, and culture, which are learned behaviors
• What does the Ik of Northern Uganda illustrate about the nature side of behavior?

  They view life as a survival instinct, disregarding age and disabilities
• What did Margaret Mead's study reveal about socialization?

  It showed that individuals are socialized into different norms and values, which are not biological
• How do different cultures influence gender roles according to Margaret Mead's study?

  In some cultures, men are dominant, while in others, they are submissive