7. Ethnicity

• What is the definition of ethnicity?

  A person’s cultural characteristics
• What features can the word "ethnicity" include?

  • Geographical origins
  • Language
  • Religion
  • History
  • Customs and traditions
• What are examples of White Minority Ethnic Groups?

  • Greek Cypriots
  • Jews
  • Irish people
• According to Mason (2000), how do many British White people perceive ethnicity?

  They see ethnicity as something other (non-white) groups have
• What issue arises from the 'they' statements mentioned by Mason (2000)?

  They are made up of imagined and prejudicial assumptions about minority ethnic groups
• What does Banton (2000) suggest about the recognition of ethnicity in contemporary UK?

  Ethnicity is becoming increasingly recognised as something everyone has
• How are ethnic identities created and reinforced according to the study material?

  • Family
  • Education
  • Peer Groups
• What did Bhatti's research focus on regarding family and ethnic identity?

  It emphasized loyalty to the family and maintaining practices related to marriage
• What is the significance of Izzat in Bhatti's research?

  Izzat, or family honour, is taken seriously
• How did mothers view their roles in Bhatti's research?

  Mothers saw their family roles as being of paramount importance
• What did Basit's research reveal about teachers' views on British Muslim girls?

  Teachers saw Islam as an oppressive religion into which girls were indoctrinated
• What stereotype did Basit's research indicate about the education system's view of family life for Muslim girls?

  Teachers thought family life was oppressive for the girls
• What concept did Sewell introduce regarding peer groups?

  'Cultural Comfort Zones' describes the preference to associate with similar individuals
• How did working-class African Caribbean boys relate to their peer groups according to Sewell?

  They preferred to hang out with each other rather than with the white middle class
• What did Sewell argue about some boys' attraction to gangs?

  Some boys were drawn to gangs that emphasize an aggressive, macho form of masculinity
• What is the definition of hybridity in the context of ethnic identity?

  • A cross between 2 or more things
  • Creates something entirely new
• What is a hybrid identity?

  Someone’s sense of who they are is a mixture of 2 or more influences
• What did Nayak's research on White Wannabes reveal?

  White British males dress, act, and speak influenced by black hip-hop culture
• What is Multicultural London English (Jafaican)?

  A style of speech and accent influenced by African-Caribbean speech and accent
• What concept did Johal introduce regarding 2nd and 3rd generation British Asians?

  They have a dual identity, inheriting an Asian identity and adopting a British one
• What cultural influence do many young British-Asians enjoy according to Johal?

  Many young British-Asians like Bhangra music
• What does Ghumman's concept of "compartmentalism" refer to?

  It refers to coping with parental restriction and racial prejudice by keeping two aspects of identity separated
• What challenges do some Asian girls face according to Ghumman's research?

  They may have to give up career hopes and accept arranged marriage due to parental pressure