Chemical changes

• What is the significance of oxidation and reduction in the reaction of metals with oxygen?

  Oxidation involves the gain of oxygen, while reduction involves the loss of oxygen.
• What is the general outcome when metals react with oxygen?

  • Formation of metal oxides
  • Example: Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
  • Example: Iron + Oxygen → Iron Oxide
• How does magnesium react with oxygen compared to iron?

  Magnesium reacts rapidly, while iron reacts more slowly over weeks or months.
• What is the chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium with oxygen?

  Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium Oxide
• What is the chemical equation for the reaction of iron with oxygen?

  Iron + Oxygen → Iron Oxide
• What happens to the metal atoms during the reaction with oxygen?

  The metal atoms gain oxygen, which is called oxidation.
• In the reaction of magnesium with oxygen, what can we say about magnesium's role?


  Magnesium has been oxidized because it has gained oxygen.
• In the reaction of iron with oxygen, what can we say about iron's role?


  Iron has been oxidized because it has gained oxygen.
• What is the process of reduction in the context of metal reactions?

  • Reduction involves losing oxygen.
  • Example: Magnesium Oxide → Magnesium + Oxygen
  • The magnesium atoms are reduced as they lose oxygen.
• In the reaction of calcium with copper oxide, which element is oxidized?

  Calcium is oxidized because it gains oxygen to form calcium oxide.
• In the reaction of calcium with copper oxide, which element is reduced?

  Copper is reduced because it loses oxygen to form copper.
• What are the key concepts of oxidation and reduction in metal reactions?

  • Oxidation: Gain of oxygen
  • Reduction: Loss of oxygen
  • Important for understanding metal reactions with oxygen
• What happens to electrons when metals react?

  Metals lose electrons and form positive ions.
• Which group of metals was discussed in relation to their reaction with water?

  Group one metals.
• How does potassium react with water?

  It reacts vigorously to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
• How does sodium's reaction with water compare to potassium's?

  Sodium reacts less rapidly with water than potassium.
• What is produced when lithium reacts with water?

  Lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas are produced.
• How does calcium's reaction with water compare to potassium, sodium, and lithium?


  Calcium reacts fairly rapidly but not as rapidly as potassium, sodium, or lithium.
• What trend is observed in the reactivity of metals with water as you move down the list?

  Metals react less rapidly with water as you move down the list.
• Which metals do not react with water at room temperature?

  Magnesium, zinc, iron, and copper do not react with water at room temperature.
• Why can't potassium, sodium, or lithium be reacted with acids?

  They would react too vigorously, which would be dangerous.
• How does calcium react with dilute acid?

  Calcium reacts extremely vigorously with dilute acid.
• What is the reactivity of magnesium with dilute acid?

  Magnesium reacts rapidly with dilute acid.
• How does zinc's reaction with dilute acid compare to magnesium's?

  Zinc reacts quite rapidly but less rapidly than magnesium.
• What is the reactivity of iron with dilute acid?

  Iron reacts slowly with dilute acid.
• Which metal does not react with dilute acid?

  Copper does not react with dilute acid.
• What is the reactivity series for metals based on their reactions with water and acids?

  • Potassium: reacts very rapidly with water
  • Sodium: reacts rapidly with water
  • Lithium: reacts slowly with water
  • Calcium: reacts fairly rapidly with water
  • Magnesium: does not react with water, reacts rapidly with dilute acid
  • Zinc: does not react with water, reacts quite rapidly with dilute acid
  • Iron: does not react with water, reacts slowly with dilute acid
  • Copper: does not react with water or dilute acid
• Why are carbon and hydrogen included in the reactivity series?

  They are used a lot in chemistry.