Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

• What techniques can be used to separate soluble and insoluble solids from liquids?

  Filtration, evaporation, and crystallization
• What is formed when a solid does not dissolve in a liquid?

  A mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid
• What is the term for a liquid that contains a dissolved solid?

  A solution
• In the context of a solution, what are the terms for the dissolved solid and the liquid?

  The dissolved solid is called the solute, and the liquid is the solvent
• How does filtration work in separating insoluble solids from liquids?

  It uses filter paper with tiny holes that allow liquids to pass through but not solids
• What is the purpose of a filter funnel in the filtration process?

  To easily pour the mixture through the filter paper
• What happens when a soluble solid is dissolved in a liquid?

  It forms a solution that cannot be separated by filtration
• What is the first step in the evaporation process to separate a soluble solid from a liquid?

  Place the solution in an evaporating dish or crucible and heat it
• What is the result of heating a solution during evaporation?

  The solvent evaporates, concentrating the remaining solution
• What is a potential issue with using evaporation to separate solids?

  Some solids may decompose when heated, known as thermal decomposition
• What is the alternative technique to evaporation for separating solids that decompose upon heating?

  Crystallization
• What is the first step in the crystallization process?

  Place the solution into an evaporation dish and heat it gently
• What happens as the solution cools during crystallization?

  More crystals start to form because solids are less soluble at colder temperatures
• How are crystals separated from the remaining solution after crystallization?

  By filtering them out using filter paper and a funnel
• What is the final step in the crystallization process?

  Drying the crystals by leaving them warm or using an oven
• What are the steps involved in the crystallization process?

  1. Place the solution in an evaporation dish and heat gently.
  2. Allow some solvent to evaporate and crystals to form.
  3. Stop heating and let the solution cool.
  4. Filter out the crystals using filter paper and funnel.
  5. Dry the crystals by leaving them warm or using an oven.
• What are the benefits and drawbacks of evaporation and crystallization for separating solids?

  Benefits of evaporation:

  • Quick and easy method

  
  

  Drawbacks of evaporation:

  • Solids may decompose when heated (thermal decomposition)

  
  

  Benefits of crystallization:

  • Suitable for solids that decompose upon heating

  
  

  Drawbacks of crystallization:

  • Slower process compared to evaporation