C7F4 : CELLULAR RESP

• What is the main product of cellular respiration?

  ATP
• What is the role of chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?

  It is involved in the production of ATP through the electron transport chain.
• What cycle occurs in the mitochondria during cellular respiration?

  The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
• What is produced during the Citric Acid Cycle?

  Energy in the form of ATP and carbon dioxide.
• What is the initial substrate for glycolysis?

  Glucose
• Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?


  In the cytoplasm.
• What is the end product of glycolysis?

  Pyruvate
• What happens to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen?

  It undergoes fermentation.
• What is the main type of fermentation that occurs in yeast?

  Alcohol fermentation.
• What is produced during alcohol fermentation?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• What is the main product of lactic acid fermentation?

  Lactic acid.
• What is the significance of lactic acid in muscle cells during exercise?


  It accumulates when oxygen is low and can cause muscle fatigue.
• What is the equation for the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP)
• What is the difference between aerobic respiration and fermentation?

  Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.
• What are the steps of aerobic respiration?

  1. Glycolysis: Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
  2. Citric Acid Cycle: Pyruvate is oxidized to produce ATP and CO2.
  3. Electron Transport Chain: ATP is produced through chemiosmosis.
• How does the energy yield of fermentation compare to aerobic respiration?

  Fermentation yields less energy (2 ATP) compared to aerobic respiration (up to 38 ATP).
• What is the role of lactate in muscle cells during intense exercise?

  Lactate accumulates due to anaerobic respiration when oxygen is limited.
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is converted back to pyruvate when oxygen becomes available.
• What are the similarities and differences between aerobic respiration and fermentation?

  Similarities:

  • Both processes start with glycolysis.
  • Both produce ATP.

  
  

  Differences:

  • Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; fermentation does not.
  • Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than fermentation.

  
• What is the main substrate for cellular respiration in plants and animals?

  Glucose
• How do paddy plants adapt to their environment in terms of respiration?

  Paddy plants can carry out alcoholic fermentation in waterlogged conditions.
• What is the byproduct of alcoholic fermentation?

  Ethanol
• What is the role of Lactobacillus in yogurt production?

  Lactobacillus ferments lactose to produce lactic acid, giving yogurt its tangy flavor.
• How does lactic acid fermentation differ from alcoholic fermentation in terms of products?

  Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid, while alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.

  
• What is the energy yield from one molecule of glucose during lactic acid fermentation?

  216 kJ
• What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

  It is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
• What is the significance of oxygen debt in muscle cells?

  Oxygen debt refers to the amount of oxygen required to convert lactic acid back to pyruvate after intense exercise.
• What is the main product of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• What is the role of coenzyme A in cellular respiration?

  Coenzyme A is involved in the formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate.
• How does the breakdown of glucose differ in aerobic respiration compared to fermentation?

  Aerobic respiration completely breaks down glucose to CO2 and water, while fermentation only partially breaks it down.