Samba

• Repinique

  A drum played by the leader of a bateria, used to signal the end of one section and the beginning of another, tinny timbre
• Surdo

  Drums that provide the basic rhythmic pulse, usually 3 different pitches of drum
• Caixa (de guerra)

  Sounds like a snare drum, provides a constant rhythmic pattern
• Tambourim

  A tambourine without bells, high pitched drum that plays a rhythmic pattern
• Agogo

  A pair of bells that play the melody as they are pitched
• Ganza

  A shaker that plays a constant pattern beneath the main beat
• Apito

  The whistle played by the leader of the bateria
• Bateria

  The name of a samba band
• Ostinato

  A repeated musical phrase or rhythm
• Features:

  • ostinato: a repeated musical phrase/rhythm
  • polyrhythm: multiple rhythms played together
  • cross-rhythms: multiple clashing rhythms
  • son clave: the fundamental rhythm in samba, usually performed using claves
  • call and response: between the leader and ensemble, normally led by the lead drummer
  • cyclic patterns: rhythms are repeated over and over
  • time signature: 2/4 or 4/4