Biology

• Cell membrane


  Thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that surrounds the cell
• Cell transport


  Passive (simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion) and active transport
• Mitosis

  Process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells
• Cell differentiation

  Specialized cells with unique structures and functions
• Photosynthesis


  Process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy
• Cellular respiration

  Process by which cells convert chemical energy into ATP
• Hormone


  Biological molecule that regulates bodily functions
• Nervous system


  System of neurons and sensory organs that convey information
• Homeostasis


  State of balance and stability in bodily functions
• Negative feedback mechanism

  Process by which the body responds to changes and returns to a set point
• Endocrine system


  System of glands that produce and secrete hormones
• Exocrine system

  System of glands that produce and secrete digestive enzymes and hormones
• What is the function of the cell membrane?


  It controls what enters and leaves the cell.
• What does it mean that the cell membrane is semi-permeable?

  It allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out.
• What are the two main types of cell transport?

  • Passive transport: Movement down a concentration gradient.
  • Active transport: Movement against a concentration gradient.
• What is mitosis?

  It is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells.
• Why is mitosis essential?

  It is essential for growth, repair, and replacement of cells.
• What is cell differentiation?

  It is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
• How does cell differentiation occur?

  It occurs through changes in gene expression and cellular structure.
• What is photosynthesis?


  It is the process by which plants convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
• Why is photosynthesis essential?

  It is essential for plant growth and the food chain.
• What is cellular respiration?

  It is the process by which cells convert chemical energy from glucose into ATP.
• Where does cellular respiration occur?

  It occurs in the mitochondria.
• What are hormones?

  They are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands.
• What is the role of hormones in the body?

  They regulate various bodily functions.
• What is the nervous system?

  It is a complex system of neurons and sensory organs that convey information.
• What is homeostasis?


  It is the ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
• What is a negative feedback mechanism?


  It is a process by which the body responds to changes and returns to a set point.
• What is the endocrine system?

  It is a system of glands that produce and secrete hormones.
• What is the exocrine system?

  It is a system of glands that produce and secrete digestive enzymes and hormones.
• What are examples of hormones produced by the endocrine system?

  • Insulin
  • Growth hormone
  • Adrenaline