Anaphy1

• What is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts called?


  Anatomy
• What is the study of how the body and its parts work or function called?


  Physiology
• What are the two main levels of anatomy study?


  • Gross Anatomy: Large structures, easily observable
  • Microscopic Anatomy: Very small structures, viewed with a microscope
• What does gross anatomy study?


  Large structures that are easily observable
• What does microscopic anatomy study?


  Very small structures that can only be viewed with a microscope
• What are the main functions of the integumentary system?


  • Forms the external body covering
  • Protects deeper tissue from injury and drying out
  • Synthesizes vitamin D
  • Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
• What are the main functions of the skeletal system?


  • Protects and supports body organs
  • Provides muscle attachment for movement
  • Site of blood cell formation
  • Stores minerals
• What are the main functions of the muscular system?


  • Allows locomotion
  • Maintains posture
  • Produces heat
• What are the main functions of the nervous system?


  • Fast-acting control system
  • Responds to internal and external changes
  • Activates muscles and glands
• What are the main functions of the endocrine system?


  • Secretes regulatory hormones
  • Controls growth
  • Regulates reproduction
  • Manages metabolism
• What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?


  • Transports materials in the body via blood pumped by the heart
  • Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes
• What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?


  • Returns fluids to blood vessels
  • Disposes of debris
  • Involved in immunity by destroying bacteria and tumor cells
• What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

  • Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
  • Removes carbon dioxide
• What are the main functions of the digestive system?


  • Breaks down food
  • Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
  • Eliminates indigestible material
• What are the main functions of the urinary system?

  • Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
  • Maintains acid-base balance
  • Regulates materials such as water and electrolytes
• What are the main functions of the reproductive system?


  • Production of offspring
• What are the necessary life functions of the human body?


  • Maintain boundaries
  • Movement
  • Responsiveness
  • Digestion
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
  • Reproduction
  • Growth
• What does maintaining boundaries refer to in necessary life functions?


  Keeping the body’s internal environment distinct from the external environment
• What is metabolism?


  All chemical reactions within the body
• What is the role of nutrients in survival needs?


  They provide chemicals for energy and cell building
• Why is oxygen important for survival?


  It is required for chemical reactions
• What percentage of body weight is water?

  60–80%
• What is homeostasis?


  Maintenance of a stable internal environment
• What happens during homeostatic imbalance?


  It results in a disturbance in homeostasis, leading to disease
• What are the components involved in maintaining homeostasis?


  • Receptor: Responds to changes in the environment
  • Control center: Determines set point and analyzes information
  • Effector: Provides a means for response to the stimulus
• What is negative feedback?


  • Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms
  • Shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity
  • Works like a household thermostat
• What is positive feedback?


  • Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
  • Occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
• Why is special terminology used in anatomy?


  • To prevent misunderstanding
  • To provide exact terms for position, direction, regions, and structures
• What are some examples of orientation and directional terms?


  • Anterior
  • Posterior
• What are body planes and cavities?

  • Body planes: Imaginary lines that divide the body
  • Body cavities: Spaces within the body that contain organs
• What are the abdominopelvic quadrants?

  • Four regions of the abdomen used for locating organs
• What are the major organs in the abdominopelvic region?


  • Includes organs such as the stomach, liver, and intestines