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Psychology (research methods)
Aims, hypotheses & variables
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Cards (14)
What is an aim in research?
A general expression of what the research intends to investigate
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What is an independent variable (IV)?
The part of the experiment that you change
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What is a dependent variable (DV)?
The part of the experiment that you measure, which depends on the independent variable
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What is an extraneous variable (EV)?
An additional factor that is not the independent variable but may affect the dependent variable
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What is a hypothesis?
A precise, testable statement predicting the
outcome
of the research
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What does operationalisation mean in research?
Defining variables in specific terms that allow them to be measured or manipulated
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What are the types of hypotheses in research?
Null hypothesis (H0)
Alternative hypothesis (H1)
Directional hypothesis (one-tailed)
Non-directional hypothesis (two-tailed)
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What does a null hypothesis predict?
It predicts no difference or relationship between groups
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What does an alternative hypothesis predict?
It predicts a difference or relationship between groups
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What is a directional hypothesis?
It predicts a difference or relationship and states the direction of that difference
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What is a non-directional hypothesis?
It predicts a difference or relationship but does not state the direction of that difference
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When do you use a directional hypothesis?
When you have a previous hypothesis that states the difference
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When do you use a non-directional hypothesis?
When you predict some difference but do not specify the direction
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What are the key components of aims and hypotheses in research methods?
Aims: General expression of what the research intends to investigate
Hypotheses: Precise, testable statements predicting outcomes
Types: Null, Alternative (Directional, Non-directional)
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