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Chemistry paper 1
bonding
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Cards (17)
properties of
graphite:
delocalised electron
per
atom
so can conduct
electricity
and
heat
each
carbon
has
3 bonds
,
hexagonally bonded
weak intermolecular forces
between
layers
but no covalent bonds it is soft and slippery
many
strong covalent bonds
which require lots of
energy
to overcome so has
high melting
and
boiling points
properties of diamond:
each
carbon
has
4 bonds
so no
delocalised electrons
so does not conduct
electricity
many
covalent
bonds which take a lot of
energy
to
overcome
so have a
high melting
and
boiling point
very
hard
uses of carbon fullerenes:
lubricants
to
deliver drugs
to parts of the
body
catalysts
reinforcing materials
like
tennis rackets
(
nanotubes
)
nanotechnology
Properties of
ionic
compounds:
giant
ionic lattices
have strong
electrostatic forces
of
attraction
in all directions between
oppositely charged electrons
high
melting and boiling points
conduct
electricity
when
melted
or
dissolved
in
water
Why do ionic compounds only conduct electricity dissolved in water or melted?
The
ions
become free to
move
and carry
current
throughout the
layers
of the compound.
properties of small molecules:
gases
or
liquids
with
low
melting and boiling points
weak
intermolecular
forces
which are
broken
during
melting
dont
conduct electricity as they don’t have an
overall charge
properties of
metals
:
giant
structures of atoms with
strong
metallic
bonding
most have
high
melting and boiling points
layers of atoms are able to
slide
over
eachother
so are
malleable
properties of
alloys
:
made from
2
or more different types of
metals
different sized
atoms
distort
layers
making it
harder
for them to
slide
over each other
harder
than
pure
metals
chemical bonds:
ionic
covalent
metallic
metallic bonding consists of
positive ions
and
delocalised electrons
arranged in a
regular pattern.
in metallic bonding,
delocalised
electrons consist of the electrons
lost
from the now
positive
ions.
polymers are large
covalent
bonded chains
nano particles are
1nm-100nm
in size
nanoparticles have a
high surface area
to
volume
ratio and therefore make good
catalysts
nanoparticles can be used in
suncream
and
deodorants
without leaving
white marks
nano particles have different properties to the
bulk chemical
due to
high surface area
to
volume ratio
nanoparticles allow
smaller quantities
of a material to be
more
effective than materials with
larger
particle sizes