The wars of the roses

• what was the wars of the roses

  a conflict between two rival sides of the Plantagenet family
• what does Plantagenet mean


  the name given to people who belonged to House Of Plantagenet
• what were the two sides to the Plantagenet family

  House of York and House of Lancaster
• from which king did both house Lancaster and house York descend from

  King Edward III
• what were the names of King Edward III's sons

  Edward the Black Prince, Lionel Duke of Clarence, John Gaunt duke of Lancaster, Edmund Langley Duke of York
• which son of Edward III does House Lancaster descend

  John of Gaunt. Duke of Lancaster
• which son of Edward III does the House of York descend from

  Edmund of Langley. Duke of York
• when did Edward III die

  21 June 1377
• Who succeeded Edward III as king of England after his death in 1377

  his grandson, Richard II Plantagenet
• why did Edward III's eldest son Prince Edward not succeed him after his death in 1377


  he died on the 8th of June 1376 from dysentery
• who succeeded Richard II after he died in 1399

  his cousin, Henry IV Lancaster, who was the son of his fathers brother John of Gaunt
• who succeeded Henry IV after his death in 1413


  his eldest son, Henry V
• who succeeded Henry V after his death in 1422


  his son, Henry VI
• when did Henry VI become king of England

  1st of September 1422, at 9 months old
• who did Henry VI marry

  Margaret of Anjou in 1445
• why did Henry VI marry Margaret of Anjou


  she was the niece of the french king Charles VII, it was an effort to end the war with France that was happening at the time
• who ruled in the place of Henry VI as the lord protector of the countryin march 1454

  Richard Duke of York, whose grandfather was Edmund of Langley
• why was Richard Duke of York appointed as Lord Protector while Henry VI was king

  Henry VI had poor mental health which meant he could not rule on his own
• what did Henry VI do at the end of 1454


  declared he was well enough to rule again
• what was the name of henry VI's son

  Edward Prince of Wales (2)
• who started the conflict of the wars of the roses

  Henry VI, from the House of Lancaster and Richard, Duke of York’s dispute over who should be the rightful king of England.
• when was the First Battle of St Albans


  May 1455
• who won the First Battle of St Albans

  Richard Duke of York, he took control of the government and became Lord Protector again
• How did Richard Duke of York (1) secure his succession

   through the Act of Accord in 1460. This meant that Richard was now in line to become king ahead of Henry VI’s son.
• what did Henry VI do after Richard Duke of York took over England

  he went into hiding but was captured by the noble families who supported Richard
• who was Henry VI's wife

  Margaret of Anjou
• what did Margaret of Anjou do while he husband Henry VI was in captivity

  raised her own army by forming an alliance with Scotland and France, to get power back for her husband and secure the throne for her son, Edward
• what battle (roughly) marks the beginning of the conflict over who should control England

  First Battle of St Albans
• when was the battle of Wakefield

  December 1460
• what happened in the battle of Wakefield

  Henrys Lancastrians and richards Yorkists fought outside Sandal Castle. Richard of York and his eldest son, Edmund, were killed. Henry VI restored to power.
• what did Yorkists do following the battle of Wakefield

  blocked Lancastrians from entering London. The earl of Warwick, corned Edward (Richard of Yorks eldest surviving son), making him King Edward IV of England.
• what was the result of the earl of Warwick crowing Edward IV

  England had two kings - Henry VI and Edward IV. there would be further conflict to decide who would be the official king of England.
• when was the battle of towton

  march 1461
• who was victorious in the battle of towton

  Edward IV and the Yorkist army
• what happened to Henry VI after he lost the battle of towton

  he fled to Scotland with Margaret and their son, Edward
• when did the earl of Warwick abandon his support of King Edward IV

  1470, after he resisted his attempts to form an alliance with France
• why was Warwick switching sides to support Henry VI beneficial

  had the support of the French king Louis XI, who provided ships, men and money
• what did Edward IV do when Warwick landed in England on the south coast and overwhelmed Edwards supporters

  he fled England and travelled to Flanders. Henry VI was briefly returned to the throne
• when was the battle of tewkesbury

  may 1471
• what happened in the battle of tewkesbury

  Edward IV returned to England from Flanders. gathered an army with support from some English nobles. The Lancastrian army were on their way to Wales to join another force when they were cute off by Edwards army. rather than escape they decided to fight. Lancastrian forces pushed back and defeated. Henry VI's only son Edward was killed on the battlefield