Muscular skeletal system

• What are the 4 types of bones?

  Long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones.
• What are the long bones?


  Femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, clavicle
• What are the short bones?

  Talus, curpus (wrists)
• What are the flat bones?


  Cranium, ribs, sternum, scapula
• What are the irregular bones?

  vertabrae, pelvis, patella
• How are long bones used in sport?

  -Muscles pull on the bones to produce big movement

  • Due to the size of the bones and the distance they work across, accuracy is sacrifised for strength.
• What is the purpose of short bones in sport?

  -Short bones provide support and stability in joints as the skeleton articulates

  • Short bones also provide accuracy
• What is the purpose of flat bones in sport?


  They have large surface areas to allow force to dissipate through the bone material, instead of it going through the bone

  • Great at protecting vital organs that reside behind them
• What is the purpose of irregular bones in sport?


  -They have strange indents, curves, protrusions and recesses have developed in bones as we have evolved

  • often provide good sites for ligaments and tendons
  • may also provide protection to specific body tissue
• What is range of movement?


  The measurement of the amount of movement around a specific joint or body part
• What are the properties of tendons and what do they do?

  They connect muscles to the bones

  They are thick, tough and fiborous tissues that act as anchors so muscles can stay attached to bones

  They also have high levels of tension so they aren't flexible
• What are the properties of ligaments and what do they do?

  They connect bones to bones

  They are thick, fibrous tissue that remain under tension so that bones in a joint stay pulled toward together
• What are the 7 parts of a synovial joint?

  Synovial membrane, synovial fluid, joint capsule, bursae, cartilage, tendons and ligaments
• What does the synovial membrane do?

  Produces and contains synovial fluid
• What does synovial fluid do?

  lubricates a joint to help it run smoothly
• what does a joint capsule do?


  Encloses and supports the joint to prevent unwanted movements
• What do the bursae do?

  They are sacs of fluid that allow bones to glide over them, reducing friction
• What does the cartilage do?


  Absorbs shock and acts as a buffer between bones to prevent them from rubbing to reduce friction and wear
• What are the 7 functions of the skeleton?

  Protection

  Shape

  Movement

  Attachment

  Support

  Production of blood cells

  Storage of minerals
• What is flexion?


  A movement where the angle between the bones of a joint decreases (upwards phase of a bicep curl)
• What is extension?


  A movement where the angle of between the bones is increasing (Downwards phase of a bicep curl)
• What is a synovial joint?

  Synovial joints (freely movable joints) allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.
• What do I mean by the articulating bones in a joint?

  The bones that move
• What are the articulating bones of the hip joint?

  Femur, pelvis
• What is an example of flexion at a ball and socket joint in sport?

  A bowler in rounders
• What is rotation?


  When a limb turns along its long axis
• What is an example of rotation in sport?


  At the hip joint when taking a golf drive
• What is adduction?


  A movement where the limb is being moved toward the midline of the body
• What is an example of abduction in sport?

  Upward phase of a star jump
• What is an example of adduction in sport?

  Downward phase of a star jump
• What is circumduction?


  A movement when a limb is held straight and moved as if to draw a circle with its finger
• What is an example of circumduction in sport?

  Cricket bowl
• What is an example of plantar flexion in sport?

  Pointing toes in ballet
• What is an example of dorsiflexion in sport?

  Downward phase of a squat