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Biology - Cards for entrance exam
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Jamie Suddick
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Cards (67)
What is a H+ ion also known as?
A proton
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Why do carbon molecules form backbones?
They easily
conjoin
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What is the prefix for one?
Mono
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What is the prefix for two?
Di
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What is the prefix for three?
Tri
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What is the prefix for four?
Tetra
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What is the prefix for five?
Penta
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What is the prefix for six?
Hexa
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What do joined monomers create?
Polymers
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What is the name of the carbohydrate monomer?
Monosaccharides
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What is the name of the carbohydrate polymer?
Polysaccharides
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What are carbohydrate monomers held together by?
Glycosidic
bonds
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What is the general formula of polysaccharides?
(CH2O)n
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What is an isomer?
A
molecule
with the same
formula
but a different structure
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What are the two different types of glucose?
Alpha
and
Beta
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In what order are carbon molecules numbered in glucose?
Clockwise starting from the position of the oxygen
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What is the reaction between two monosaccharides?
A
condensation
reaction
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What is the product of glucose + glucose?
Maltose
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What is the product of glucose + fructose?
Sucrose
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What is the product of glucose + galactose?
Lactose
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When a disaccharide breaks down, what type of reaction occurs?
A
hydrolysis
reaction
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction that only occurs when water is present
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What monomers is cellulose made from?
Beta glucose
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What sort of a chain is cellulose?
Straight
and
unbranched
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What makes cellulose so strong?
The chains run parallel and have hydrogen bonds between the chains that cross link them
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Where is starch found?
In small grains in
plants
, specifically in seeds and
storage organs
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What is starch used for?
Food components
and it's an
energy
source
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What type of glucose is starch made from?
Alpha
glucose
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What is the structure of starch?
Can be
branched
or unbranched, wound tight so is a
compact
molecule
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Why are starch and glycogen useful for storage?
Insoluble
so can't be accidentally moved during
osmosis
and won't diffuse
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What is the use of branched saccharides?
Enzymes can attach and break the saccharide down into sugar for use
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In which organisms is glycogen present?
Animals and bacteria but not plants
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True or False - Glycogen is more branched than starch?
True
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Where is glycogen stored?
In small granules in the
liver
and
muscles
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Why is glycogen more branched than starch?
Animals have a
higher metabolic
rate so need to release
glucose
faster
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How many cm³ are in 1 dm³?
1 dm³ =
1000
cm³
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What can every organism be categorized into in terms of cells?
Eukaryotes
and
Prokaryotes
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What are examples of eukaryotic
cells
?
Animals
, Plants,
Fungi
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What are examples of prokaryotic cells?
Archaea
,
Bacteria
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What does the nucleus house?
Chromosomes
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