Biology - Cards for entrance exam

    Cards (67)

    • What is a H+ ion also known as?
      A proton
    • Why do carbon molecules form backbones?
      They easily conjoin
    • What is the prefix for one?
      Mono
    • What is the prefix for two?
      Di
    • What is the prefix for three?
      Tri
    • What is the prefix for four?
      Tetra
    • What is the prefix for five?
      Penta
    • What is the prefix for six?
      Hexa
    • What do joined monomers create?
      Polymers
    • What is the name of the carbohydrate monomer?
      Monosaccharides
    • What is the name of the carbohydrate polymer?
      Polysaccharides
    • What are carbohydrate monomers held together by?
      Glycosidic bonds
    • What is the general formula of polysaccharides?
      (CH2O)n
    • What is an isomer?
      A molecule with the same formula but a different structure
    • What are the two different types of glucose?
      Alpha and Beta
    • In what order are carbon molecules numbered in glucose?
      Clockwise starting from the position of the oxygen
    • What is the reaction between two monosaccharides?
      A condensation reaction
    • What is the product of glucose + glucose?
      Maltose
    • What is the product of glucose + fructose?
      Sucrose
    • What is the product of glucose + galactose?
      Lactose
    • When a disaccharide breaks down, what type of reaction occurs?
      A hydrolysis reaction
    • What is a hydrolysis reaction?
      A reaction that only occurs when water is present
    • What monomers is cellulose made from?
      Beta glucose
    • What sort of a chain is cellulose?
      Straight and unbranched
    • What makes cellulose so strong?
      The chains run parallel and have hydrogen bonds between the chains that cross link them
    • Where is starch found?
      In small grains in plants, specifically in seeds and storage organs
    • What is starch used for?
      Food components and it's an energy source
    • What type of glucose is starch made from?
      Alpha glucose
    • What is the structure of starch?
      Can be branched or unbranched, wound tight so is a compact molecule
    • Why are starch and glycogen useful for storage?
      Insoluble so can't be accidentally moved during osmosis and won't diffuse
    • What is the use of branched saccharides?
      Enzymes can attach and break the saccharide down into sugar for use
    • In which organisms is glycogen present?
      Animals and bacteria but not plants
    • True or False - Glycogen is more branched than starch?
      True
    • Where is glycogen stored?
      In small granules in the liver and muscles
    • Why is glycogen more branched than starch?
      Animals have a higher metabolic rate so need to release glucose faster
    • How many cm³ are in 1 dm³?
      1 dm³ = 1000 cm³
    • What can every organism be categorized into in terms of cells?
      Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
    • What are examples of eukaryotic cells?

      Animals, Plants, Fungi
    • What are examples of prokaryotic cells?
      Archaea, Bacteria
    • What does the nucleus house?
      Chromosomes