Trash

• What is the definition of Physics?

  Physics is the study of the basic components of the universe and their interactions.

  
• Why must theories of physics be verified?

  They must be verified by experimental measurements.
• What were the main influences of the Scientific Revolution?


  • Established a new way of thinking about the physical world
  • Led to great advances in astronomy, physics, biology, and chemistry
  • Influenced developments in arts and architecture

  
• How did the Scientific Revolution impact philosophers and scholars?


  It caused them to wonder if reason could solve poverty, war, and ignorance.
• What time period is referred to as the Scientific Revolution?


  The period of great advances in the sciences, roughly 1500-1700.

  
• What is the scientific method?


  It is a method of research where a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated, and the hypothesis is empirically tested.

  
• What is an explanation a scientist develops based on facts called?

  A hypothesis.
• What was the old view of the universe according to Aristotle?


  He believed the Earth was the center of the universe.
• How did the Scientific Revolution change the relationship between the Church and science?


  It challenged traditional views and emphasized observation and experimentation.
• What were the key changes during the Renaissance that influenced the Scientific Revolution?

  • Bubonic Plague led to a focus on enjoying life
  • Shift from spiritualism to secularism
  • Advent of the printing press spread new ideas
  • Exposure of the corrupt nature of the Church
  • Monarchs began to take power from the Church

  
• What was the emphasis during the Enlightenment compared to the Middle Ages?


  Emphasis was put on reason rather than faith.
• How did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence revolutions against monarchs?

  They encouraged people to demand change from oppressive monarchs.
• What is the geocentric theory?


  It is a description of the universe where the Earth is at the center of all celestial bodies.

  
• What is the heliocentric model?

  It is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun.

  
• What was the main focus of alchemy during the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

  It was concerned with discovering methods for transmuting baser metals into gold and finding a universal solvent and an elixir of life.

  
• What did Boyle discover about gas pressure?

  He found that gas pressure increased as the volume of the gas decreased.
• What was significant about Boyle's experiments?


  He was one of the first scientists to perform controlled experiments and publish his work in detail.
• Who proposed the heliocentric theory?

  Nicolaus Copernicus.

  
• What was Copernicus's fear regarding his heliocentric theory?


  He was afraid of the Catholic Church.
• When did Copernicus publish his work on the heliocentric theory?

  He published it on his deathbed.
• What does the heliocentric model state about the Earth?

  It states that the Earth is not the center of the universe and revolves around the Sun.

  
• Why was Copernicus's theory rejected by many?


  It contradicted church teaching and the teachings of Ptolemy.
• Who improved the telescope and made observations supporting the heliocentric view?

  Galileo Galilei.
• What significant observations did Galileo make with his telescope?


  He observed moons, planets, and the Sun.
• What happened to Galileo in 1633 regarding his views?


  The Church forced him to recant and placed him under house arrest.
• What did Galileo's work "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" discuss?


  It discussed the heliocentric model and supported Copernicus's views.
• What is a barometer?


  An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.

  
• What is a telescope?

  An optical instrument for making distant objects appear larger and nearer.

  
• What are the two types of telescopes?

  Refracting telescope and reflecting telescope.
• What does Newton's law of universal gravitation state?


  A particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a gravitational force.
• What did Copernicus announce?


  He announced the heliocentric theory/model.

  
• Who published "Novum Organum"?

  Francis Bacon.
• What were the opposing viewpoints during the Scientific Revolution?

  • Faith vs. Science
  • Galileo vs. the Catholic Church
  • The Church condemned heliocentric conceptions of the universe
  • Galileo's trial and recantation

  
• What was the outcome of Galileo's discoveries?

  His discoveries caused an uproar, leading to his trial before the Inquisition.
• What did Galileo observe that supported heliocentrism?


  Sunspots, phases of Venus, lunar craters, and moons of Jupiter.
• What were the factors leading to the Scientific Revolution?


  • Rise of universities
  • Contact with non-Western societies
  • The Renaissance
  • Exploration
  • Development of the scientific method

  
• What are the steps of the scientific method?

  1. Identify the problem
  2. Research information
  3. Formulate a hypothesis
  4. Test the hypothesis
  5. Record and analyze data
  6. Draw conclusions

  
• What is the time frame for the ancient medicine timeline mentioned?

  It spans from 10,000 BC to 476 AD.
• What did the Greeks study in relation to medicine?

  They studied the human body and how it worked, trying to cure diseases and keep people healthy.
• Who is known for the Hippocratic oath?

  Hippocrates.