confomity

• Conformity


  a change in behaviour or opinions due to real or imagined pressure from a person or a group.
• Compliance 


  Conforming publicy to get approval/avoid disapproval, but continuing to privately disagre
• Identification 


  We act the same as the group because we share their values and want to be accepted. This change of belief or behaviours is oftern temporary and stop when the person is no longer a member of the group
• Internalisation


  A person conforms publicly and privately because they're internalised and accepted the views of the group. It's permanent and will exist even when the person is no longer a member of the group.
• Explanations of conformity:

  Deutsch & Gerard (1955) developed a 2 process theory which says there's 2 main reasons based on 2 centeral human needs:

  to be right

  to be liked
• Informative Social Influence (ISI): explanation of conformity that says we agree with the majority because we believe it's right.

  • we accept it cause we want to correct as well
  • may lead to internalisation
• Informative social influence most likely occurs in:

  • new situations
  • ambiguous situations
  • wheren there's an expert present
  • when there's a crisis and a decision has to be made quick
• Normative Social Influence

  • An explanation of conformity that says we agree with the opinion of the majority cause we want to be accepted, gain social approval and be liked
  • The may lead to compliance
• Normative social influence most likely occurs in:

  • Situations with strangers where you feel concerned about rejection
  • People who you know as we want social approval from our friends
  • Stressful situations when we have the need for social support
• What percentage of participants in Asch's study conformed by giving the wrong answer at least once?

  74%
• Why did the majority of participants in Asch's study conform to the wrong answer?

  They didn't want to stand out from the group.
• What does the behavior of participants in Asch's study illustrate about normative social influence?


  It suggests that people conform to fit in with the group.
• Who conducted further research supporting normative social influence in 1954?

  Deutsch and Gerrard
• In Deutsch and Gerrard's study, what was emphasized to the participants to foster a sense of inclusion?

  That they were a team working together.
• What was the outcome when participants were told there would be a reward for the best groups in Deutsch and Gerrard's study?


  Twice as many errors were made.
• What did 7 out of 15 participants mention when questioned about their errors in Deutsch and Gerrard's study?

  An obligation to the group members.
• What does the research by Deutsch and Gerrard suggest about normative social influence?


  It is most likely to occur when a person feels part of a group.
• Who conducted research to support informational social influence in 2012?

  Baumeister et al.
• In Baumeister et al.'s study, what did the confederate instruct the college students to do while driving?

  To drive faster or slower.
• What was the effect of the confederate's instructions on the students in Baumeister et al.'s study?

  The students were influenced by the confederate even when driving alone.
• What does Baumeister et al.'s study suggest about informational social influence?

  Students felt that the confederate knew better than them.
• Who conducted a study in 2006 that supports informational social influence?

  Lucas et al.
• In Lucas et al.'s study, what types of math problems were given to the groups?

  Easy or difficult math problems.
• What was found regarding conformity to incorrect answers in Lucas et al.'s study?

  There was greater conformity to incorrect answers when problems were difficult.
• What does Lucas et al.'s study suggest about participants' beliefs in relation to informational social influence?

  Participants believed others to be more knowledgeable than them.
• What was the main focus of Zimbardo's investigation?


  The effect of role playing, labeling, and social expectations on behavior
• Where did Zimbardo create the mock prison for his study?


  In the basement of Stanford University
• How many male college students participated in Zimbardo's study?


  21 male American and Canadian college students
• What method did Zimbardo use to gather participants for his study?


  Volunteer sampling