Organic

• What are hydrocarbons?


  Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and hydrogen only.
• What are aliphatic compounds?

  Aliphatic compounds are organic compounds that consist of open chains of carbon atoms.
• What are aromatic compounds?

  Aromatic compounds are organic compounds that contain a benzene ring.
• What is a functional group?

  A functional group is a group of atoms that determines the characteristics properties of a particular homologous series.
• What distinguishes saturated compounds from unsaturated compounds?

  Saturated compounds have all atoms linked by single bonds, while unsaturated compounds have at least one double or triple bond.
• What type of reactions do saturated compounds undergo?

  Saturated compounds undergo substitution reactions.
• What are structural isomers?

  Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
• What are the properties of saturated and unsaturated compounds?

  Saturated Compounds:

  • All single bonds
  • Undergo substitution reactions
  • Tetrahedral carbon structure

  
  

  Unsaturated Compounds:

  • At least one double or triple bond
  • Undergo addition reactions
  • Planar carbon structure
• What is the typical bond angle in saturated compounds?

  The bond angle in saturated compounds is approximately 109.5°.
• Why are hydrocarbons considered fuels?

  Hydrocarbons are considered fuels because they have a high calorific value and are non-toxic.
• What is the functional group of alcohols?

  The functional group of alcohols is -OH (hydroxyl group).
• What is the difference between aldehydes and ketones?

  Aldehydes have a terminal carbonyl group, while ketones have a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.
• What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

  The functional group of carboxylic acids is -COOH (carboxyl group).
• What are the properties of carboxylic acids?

  Carboxylic acids are characterized by their acidic properties due to the presence of the carboxyl group.
• How do the properties of hydrocarbons change with increasing carbon chain length?

  As the carbon chain length increases, the physical properties such as boiling point and melting point generally increase.
• What is the typical state of hydrocarbons with 1-4 carbon atoms at room temperature?

  Hydrocarbons with 1-4 carbon atoms are typically gases at room temperature.
• What is the typical state of hydrocarbons with 5-16 carbon atoms at room temperature?

  Hydrocarbons with 5-16 carbon atoms are typically liquids at room temperature.
• What is the typical state of hydrocarbons with more than 16 carbon atoms at room temperature?

  Hydrocarbons with more than 16 carbon atoms are typically solids at room temperature.
• Why are hydrocarbons considered non-polar?

  Hydrocarbons are considered non-polar because they do not have significant electronegativity differences between carbon and hydrogen.
• What are the common uses of hydrocarbons?

  Common uses of hydrocarbons include fuels and solvents.
• Why are hydrocarbons considered good fuels?

  Hydrocarbons are considered good fuels because they have a high calorific value and are relatively cheap.
• What is the calorific value of hydrocarbons?

  The calorific value of hydrocarbons is high, making them efficient energy sources.
• How do hydrocarbons contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?

  Hydrocarbons contribute to greenhouse gas emissions when burned, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
• What is the significance of the carbon chain in hydrocarbons?

  The carbon chain in hydrocarbons allows for the formation of various structural isomers and influences their properties.
• What is the role of van der Waals forces in hydrocarbons?

  Van der Waals forces are responsible for the interactions between hydrocarbon molecules, affecting their physical properties.
• What is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure 'R-CH=O' at the end of a chain of carbon atoms called?

  Aldehyde
• What is an organic compound in which the -OH (hydroxyl group) is bonded to a saturated carbon atom called?

  Alcohol
• What type of compound contains only chains of carbon atoms and no benzene ring structures?

  Aliphatic Hydrocarbon
• What are hydrocarbons in which there are only single bonds between carbon atoms called?

  Alkanes
• What are hydrocarbons in which there is at least one double bond between two carbon atoms called?

  Alkenes
• What are hydrocarbons in which there is at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms called?

  Alkynes
• What is a substance that shows both acidic and basic properties called?

  Amphoteric Substance
• What are compounds whose molecules contain a benzene ring structure called?

  Aromatic Compound
• What is an organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only called?

  Hydrocarbon
• What are compounds that contain only single bonds between atoms called?

  Saturated Compound
• What is a structural formula?

  A structural formula is the formula of a compound showing the way in which the atoms are arranged in the molecule.
• What are compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms called?

  Unsaturated Compound
• What is a volatile liquid?

  A volatile liquid is a liquid with a low boiling point.
• Hydroxyl

  A functional group with the structure -OH, found in alcohols
• Carboxyl

  A functional group with the structure -COOH, found in carboxylic acids