RE ASSESSMENT

• Prophet


  A person who proclaims the message of God
• Ka'aba


  a black, cube-shaped building in the centre of the Grand Mosque in mecca: the holiest place in Islam
• Eid-UL-Adha


  Muslim festival that commemorates the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son
• Hajj


  annual pilgramage to Mecca that every Muslim should make at least once in their lifetime
• the Imamate


  the divine appointment of Imams
• Ashura


  The anniversary of the death of Husayn, one of the propheT Muhammad's 2 grandsons
• abortion


  the termination of a pregnancy before birth
• pro choice


  generally in favour of abortions being available
• pro life


  generally anti abortion
• war


  fighting between nations to resolve issues between them
• peace


  an absence of conflict, leads to harmony and happiness
• just war theory


  a set of conditions that help to decide whether war should occur
• negotiation

  a dialogue between 2 or more parties to resolve points of difference
• what is pacifism?


  the belief that war and violence are always wrong and a refusal to take part
• How might people show they are pacifists - 3 ways

  • protesting against war through demonstrations and marches

  campaigning through letters and petitions

  • serving in alternative ways like driving ambulances, volunteering for scientific experiments - both of these were done by Quaker Christians in WW1
• Why might someone choose to be a pacifist

  war causes biterness, suffering and hatred

  sanctity of life ( the belief all human life is precious and should be protected)

  killing goes against teachings eg. "do not kill" - 10 commandments Exodus 20:3

  loss of life achieves very little - negotiation is often needed in the end anyways

  • using violence in the same as sinking to the same level as the opressor
• Who was told by God to take his wife Hajjira and son Ishmael into the desert?

  Prophet Ibrahim
• Why did Ibrahim leave Hajjira and Ishmael in the desert?

  He was instructed by God to do so
• What supplies did Ibrahim leave with Hajjira and Ishmael?

  Food and water
• What happened when the supplies ran out?

  Hajjira and Ishmael suffered from hunger and dehydration
• What action did Hajjira take in search of help?

  She ran up and down two hills called Safa and Marwah
• What happened when Hajjira collapsed beside Ishmael?

  She prayed to God for help
• What miraculous event occurred when Ishmael struck his foot on the ground?

  Water gushed up from the earth
• What did Hajjira and Ishmael do with the water that gushed up?

  They traded some of it for food and supplies
• What was Ibrahim instructed to build upon his return?

  A shrine dedicated to God, which became the Ka'aba
• What was the purpose of the Ka'aba according to God's instructions to Ibrahim?


  To be a pure place of worship
• What call was Ibrahim instructed to make regarding the Ka'aba?

  To call people there to perform Hajj
• What are the 6 stages of Hajj

  ihram, at the k'aba, travelling to arafat

  standing at arafat, throwing rocks at mina, returning to mecca
• what happens at Ihram

  -Pilgrams must enter a sacred state called Ihram

  • it involves ritual washing and changing into Ihram clothing: men wear 2 white sheets around their body and women wear single coloured clothes that cover their whole body apart from their face. The white sheets symbolise equality and purity
• What happens at the Ka'aba

  -Pilgrams circle the Ka'aba 7 times in an anti clockwise direction

  -if possible they touch the black stone built into the Ka'aba or raise their hands to acknowledge it

  • As Muslims circle the Ka'aba, they recite the pilgrams prayer: Here I am. Oh lord, at your service. Praise and blessings to you.
• what happens while travelling to araft

  -crowds walk along a covered walkway linking the hills of safa and marah

  -after completing 7 circuits of this walk, they return to the Ka'aba to collect bottles of water from the well of zamzam

  -muslims then walk or ride 13 miles to Arafat, possibly in high temperatures. Halfway, they stop at Mina, where they pray and read the Qur'an
• what happens while standing at Arafat

  -at dawn on the 9th day of Dhul-Hijjah, pilgrams walk from Mina to Arafat to spend the after noon praying under the hot sun which is a reminder of what judgement day is like

  -some muslims spend the whole day standing under the sun to show the depths of their faith  -also known as standing at arafat

  -islam teaches sins will be forgiven for those who complete standing at arafat only if they know what they have done wrong and are determined to make up for it and not make the same mistakes again
• what happens while throwing pebbles at mina

  • muslims walk to muzdalifah where they spend the night - on the way they collect 49 pebbles

  -at mina there are 3 stone walls called Jamarat, which represent the devil of evil and temptation

  -on the 10th day of dhul-hijjah, pilgrams throw the pebbles at the wall to show they reject evil

  -many pilgrams sacrifice an animal (cow, sheep, camel or goat) after - the leftover meat is frozen or canned and given to the poor

  -to follow teaching in the Qu'ran and Muhammad, pilgrams cut their hair - women cut a small lock, men shave their heads
• what happens while returning to mecca

  -pilgrams return to mecca to circle the Ka'aba 7 more times before returning to mina to spend 2 more nights remembering God and his blessing

  -once Hajj is complete, many travel to madinah to visit Al-Masjid an- nabawi- a huge mosque places on the site of a much smaller mosque that muhammad built in 622CE. It has the tomb of Muhammad and some earlier Muslim leaders
• What are the six criteria of just war?

  Declared by correct authority, just cause, proportional methods, reasonable chance of success, last resort, and intention.
• Who is authorized to declare a just war?

  The government or lawful rulers of the country.
• What constitutes a just cause for war?

  A just cause can include self-defense or defending others, but should not be for gaining territory, resources, or retaliation.
• Why is it important that the methods used in war are proportional?

  Methods used to fight need to be proportional to achieve success, and excess force must not be used.
• What does a reasonable chance of success imply in the context of just war?

  It implies that it is unjust to ask people to fight in a war if it is probable that the war will be lost and they will be killed.
• What does the last resort criterion entail?

  All other methods of resolving the conflict must be tried before declaring war.