Study Question One

• Q1. Be able to name a representative joint in the body for EACH classification of joints, including all subtypes of synovial joints.
• A suture is a type which falls under the fibrous structural category in the classification of synarthrosis
• A gomphosis is a type which falls under the fibrous structural category in the classification of synarthrosis
• A synchondrosis is a type which falls under the cartilaginous structural category in the classification of synarthrosis
• A synotosis is a type which falls under the bony fusion structural category in the classification of synarthrosis
• A suture is a synarthrotic joint located only between the bones of the skull. The edges of the bones interlock, dense fibrous connective tissue binds the bones together at the suture
• A gomphosis is a synarthrosis that binds the teeth to bony sockets in the maxillae and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament
• A synchondrosis is a rigid cartilaginous bridge between two articulating bones. The cartilaginous connection between the ends of the first pair of vertebrosternal ribs and the sternum is synchondrosis
• A synostosis is a totally rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary between them disappears. The frontal suture of the frontal bone and the epiphyseal lines of mature long bones are synostoses
• A syndesmosis is a type which falls under the fibrous structural category in the classification of amphiarthrosis
• A symphysis is a type which falls under the cartilaginous structural category in the classification of amphiarthrosis
• At a syndesmosis, a ligament connects the bones. One example is the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula
• At a symphysis, a wedge or pad of fibrous cartilage separates the articulating bones. The articulation between the two pubic bones is an example
• A synovial is a type which falls in the classification of diarthrosis
• Diarthrosis, or synovial joints, permit a wider range of motion than do other types of joints. They are typically located at the ends of long bones
• Synovial joint subtype:

  • Plane (gliding) Joint
  • Hinge Joint
  • Pivot Joint
  • Condyloid Joint
  • Saddle Joint
  • Ball-and-Socket Joint
• Synovial joint subtype: Plane joint. Have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another, but the amount of movement is very slight
• Synovial joint subtype: Pivot joint. Permit rotation only.
• Synovial joint subtype: Saddle joint. Have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle. Each face is concave along one axis and convex along the other
• Synovial joint subtype: Hinge joint. Permit angular motion in a single plane, like the opening and closing of a door
• Synovial joint subtype: Condylar joint. Have an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surfaces
• Synovial joint subtype: Ball-and-Socket joint. Round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another
• Plane joint description: monaxial
• Pivot joint description: monaxial
• Saddle joint description: Biaxial
• Hinge joint description: Monaxial
• Condylar joint description: Biaxial
• Ball-and-socket joint description: Triaxial
• Plane joint movement: slight linear motion
• Pivot joint movement: rotation
• Saddle joint movement: angular motion
• Hinge joint movement: angular motion
• Condylar joint movement: angular motion
• Ball-and-socket joint movement: angular motion, circumduction, rotation
• Be able to name a representative joint in the body for each CLASSIFICATION of joints, including all subtypes of synovial joints.

  The joints can be classified into three types: synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses (synovial joints).
• Be able to name a representative JOINT in the body for each classification of joints, including all subtypes of synovial joints.

  Synarthroses and amphiarthroses can further be classified as fibrous or cartilaginous, while diarthroses are subdivided based on the ranges of motion.
• Be able to name a REPRESENTATIVE joint in the body for each classification of joints, including all SUBTYPES of synovial joints.

  Synarthrosis fibrous include sutures and gomphosis; synarthrosis cartilaginous include synchondrosis and synostosis; amphiarthrosis fibrous include syndesmosis; amphiarthrosis cartilaginous include symphysis; and finally diarthrosis includes plane joint, pivot joint, hinge joint, saddle joint, condylar joint, and ball-and-socket joint.