7: model of matter 1

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anu

Cards (28)

What is kinetic particle theory
All matter is made of tiny particles which are in constant and random motion
Two properties of matter
Has mass
occupies space
Properties of solid
Shape: is fixed
Volume : is fixed
compressibility: cannot be compressed
Properties of liquid
Shape : not fixed
volume: is fixed
compressibility : cannot be compressed
Properties of gas
Shape : not fixed
volume : not fixed
compressibility : can be compressed
Arrangement and distance between solid particles
Closely packed in an orderly manner
particles are close to one another with very little space between them
Forces of attraction, movement and kinetic energy of solid particles
Very strong forces of attraction
vibrate and rotate about in fixed positions
low kinetic energy
Can solid particles move freely
No
Arrangement and distance between liquid particles
Closely packed in a disorderly random manner, slightly further apart than those of a solid
particles are close to one another with little space between them
Forces of attraction, movement and KE of liquid particles
Force of attraction is stronger but weaker than in solid
sliding over each other
more kinetic energy than in solid
Can liquid particles move freely
Can move freely throughout the liquid
arrangement and distance between gas particles
Very far apart
particles are far apart from one another with much space between them
Forces of attraction, movement and KE of gas particles
Very weak
randomly at high speeds in all directions
high
Can gas particles move freely
Can move about rapidly in any direction
When solid is heated
Gains heat - particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster
melting happens at a fixed temp. - particles overcome attractive forces between them and break away from fixed positions
gain heat again- particles are now sliding over one another. Solid has melted to liquid
When liquid is cooled
1 Particles in liquid loses K.E. The temperature of the liquid drops to freezing point, then only the liquid starts to freeze
2 liquid freezes.
A mixture of liquid and solid exists. Temperature remains constant even though cooling continues.
During freezing, energy is released as the particles are drawn closer together. The released energy compensates the energy lost during cooling
3. Particles in solid lose K.E. , all the liquid has frozen.
The temperature of the solid drops
with further cooling.
When liquid boils to gas
1 Particles in liquid gain K.E., temperature of liquid increases until its boiling point is reached.
2. Liquid boils Mixture of liquid and gas exists.
Temperature of liquid remains constant until all the liquid is boiled off
What is melting
Melting is the process by which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.
What is freezing
Freezing is the change from a liquid to a solid.
What is boiling
Boiling is the change from a liquid to a gas at the boiling temperature.
What is evaporation
Evaporation is the change from a liquid to a gas
2 diff between evaporation and boiling
Evaporation occurs at any temperature below boiling point but boiling occurs only at boiling point
boiling occurs throughout the liquid while evaporation only occurs at the surface of the liquid
similarity between evaporation and boiling 
Both have a change of state from liquid to gas
Describe condensation
Condensation is the change from a gas to a liquid.
When temperature drops: Gas particles lose kinetic
energy and then it Moves closer together then the particles Increase in attractive forces then gas becomes liquid
What is sublimation
Sublimation is the change from a solid to a gas without melting. The forces of attraction between particles in liquid state are Too weak to remain in this state
Define the term diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
What is a homogeneous mixture
when the substance looks the same, When two substances are evenly spread
Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Diffusion 
The solution would become uniformly one colour within a much shorter time.
When temperature increases, the
rate of diffusion increases