Predicts that there will be a difference between two conditions or groups of participants
E.g there is a difference in work produced in silent or noisy conditions
If the study is looking for a relationship you must say ‘ There is a correlation between… ’
When you carry out a statistical test, because you have more than one outcome in mind, you used a two tailed test
You use a non directional hypothesis when there is no previous research on your topic OR when there is previous research but the studies have found conflicting results