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• What is considered the most important language skill for students according to Mukulu et al., 2006?

  Writing
• What defines an academic text?

  An academic text provides information related to a specific discipline using formal language and is written by experts.
• What are some examples of academic writing?


  Scholarly essays, research papers, dissertations
• What is a non-academic text?

  A non-academic text is writing not intended for an academic audience, often informal and subjective.
• What types of writing are considered non-academic?

  Newspaper articles, memoirs, magazine articles, personal letters, novels
• What are the structural components of an academic text?

  • Introduction
  • Thesis statement
  • Overview of topics discussed
  • Well-written conclusion
• What are some tips for academic writing?

  • Use formal language; avoid colloquialisms or slang
  • Don't use contractions
  • Use third-person point of view
  • Avoid exaggerations or hyperbole
  • Be clear and concise; avoid repetition
• What is the primary purpose of academic writing?

  To inform readers with solid evidence.
• What is the audience for academic writing?

  Academia
• How does non-academic writing differ in style from academic writing?

  Non-academic writing is informal and often subjective.
• What is the difference in structure between academic and non-academic writing?

  Academic writing has a standard structure, while non-academic writing does not have a rigid structure.
• What is the significance of citations and references in academic writing?

  They provide evidence and support for claims made in the text.
• What type of academic text provides results of research published in scholarly journals?

  Article
• What is a thesis or dissertation?


  A personal research written by a candidate for a college or university.
• What does an essay provide in academic writing?


  A solid, debatable thesis supported by relevant and strong evidence.
• What is the purpose of a position paper?

  To present the writer's stand or viewpoint on a particular issue.
• What does a review in academic writing provide?

  Evaluation or reviews of work published in scholarly journals.
• What are the characteristics of academic texts?

  • Accuracy: Use of vocabulary, facts, and figures accurately.
  • Explicitness: Clarifying relationships between ideas.
  • Formality: Avoiding colloquial words and expressions.
  • Preciseness: Clear and specific language.
  • Complexity: Use of longer words and intricate sentence structures.
  • Objectivity: Focus on information rather than personal views.
  • Responsibility: Providing evidence for claims made.
  • Hedging: Expressing uncertainty in claims.
• What does accuracy in academic text refer to?

  The precise and correct representation of facts, data, and sources.
• What is explicitness in academic text?

  Clear and detailed explanation of concepts, methods, and findings.
• What does preciseness in academic text involve?


  Clear, specific, and unambiguous language that accurately conveys meaning.
• What is complexity in academic text?

  The use of specialized terminology and intricate sentence structures.
• What does hedging in academic text involve?

  Using cautious language to express uncertainty or avoid definitive statements.
• What is critical reading?

  A complex thinking technique that involves discovering and evaluating an author's meaning.
• What are the three processes involved in critical thinking?

  Analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
• What does analysis in critical thinking involve?

  Identifying the parts of an argument.
• What does synthesis in critical thinking involve?

  Combining information to create a new whole.
• What does evaluation in critical thinking involve?

  Judging the strengths and weaknesses of an argument.
• What are some critical reading strategies?

  • Previewing: Getting a sense of the text's content and organization.
  • Annotating: Underlining important parts and writing comments.
  • Formulating questions: Writing questions for each paragraph to enhance understanding.
  • Contextualizing: Recognizing differences in perspectives.
  • Outlining and summarizing: Identifying main ideas and restating them.
  • Locating main ideas: Finding the thesis statement and topic sentences.
• What is the purpose of previewing in critical reading?

  To get a sense of what the text is about and how it is organized.
• What does annotating involve?


  Underlining important parts of the text and writing comments or questions in the margins.
• Why is formulating questions important in critical reading?

  It helps understand the material better and remember it longer.
• What does contextualizing involve in critical reading?

  Acknowledging the context and recognizing differences in perspectives.
• What is the purpose of outlining and summarizing?

  To identify main ideas and restate them in one's own words.
• How can locating main ideas improve reading speed?

  By finding the thesis statement and topic sentences of paragraphs.
• What is summarizing?


  Summarizing is the skill of identifying the main points of a text worth knowing and remembering.
• What does summarizing help to determine in a text?

  Summarizing helps to determine the most important ideas and how to disregard irrelevant information.
• How does summarizing integrate information?

  Summarizing integrates the keynote in a meaningful way.
• What is the IIDEA heading format in summarizing?

  • The summarized idea comes before the citation.
• What is the AUTHOR heading format in summarizing?

  • The summarized idea comes after the citation.
  • The author's name/s is/are connected by an appropriate reporting verb.