Computing 4

• What is the purpose of utility software?

  Utility software performs extra functionality and housekeeping tasks that keep computers running efficiently.
• What are some examples of common utility software?

  Examples include encryption software, defragmentation software, data compression software, and disk clean-up tools.
• What core functions do operating systems provide?

  Core functions include user interface, multitasking, peripheral management and drivers, and user management/file management.
• How does encryption software function?

  Encryption software encodes text so that it cannot be read without knowing the key to decode it.
• How can you tell if a website connection is encrypted?

  A padlock icon is usually shown in web browsers for sites using HTTPS.
• Which organizations commonly use email encryption?

  Organizations include councils discussing sensitive personal information and accountants discussing financial information.
• What is one use of encryption software utilities?

  To encrypt entire hard disks so that the data cannot be read if the computer is stolen.
• What happens when a large file is saved on a disk?

  The file may become fragmented if it does not fit in consecutive memory locations.
• What is the effect of file fragmentation on access speed?

  Fragmentation makes it slower to access files and programs because the drive head needs to move to more locations.
• What does defragmenting a hard disk do?

  Defragmenting reorganizes files so they are stored together, resulting in faster read times.
• What is the purpose of data compression software?

  Data compression software reduces the amount of storage space needed on a disk.
• How does data compression benefit file sharing?

  It reduces the amount of data that is sent, allowing larger attachments to be sent via email.
• What are the key functions of utility software?

  • Perform extra functionality beyond core operating system features
  • Help keep the system secure
  • Manage housekeeping tasks
• What are the steps involved in disk defragmentation?

  1. Identify fragmented files on the disk.
  2. Reorganize files so they are stored together.
  3. Improve read times and free space management.
• What are the key points about encryption software?

  • Encodes text to prevent unauthorized reading
  • Used by organizations for sensitive information
  • Can encrypt entire disks, files, and communications
• What are the effects of file fragmentation on computer performance?

  • Slower access to files and programs
  • Increased movement of the drive head
  • Potential for decreased overall system performance
• What are the benefits of data compression software?

  • Reduces storage space needed
  • Allows larger files to be sent via email
  • Increases efficiency in data storage and transfer
• What are the key terms related to utility software from the plenary section?

  • Utility software: performs extra functionality
  • Housekeeping: maintenance tasks
  • Compression: reduces file size
  • Encryption: encodes files for security
  • Defragmentation: organizes file storage