B7

• Risk factor - aspects of people's lifestyle or substance in people or environment which can increase the chance of getting disease
• Tar and nicotine damage alveoli in lungs and arteries
• Obesity can cause type 2 diabetes , reduces body sensitivity to insulin and can cause heart diseases
• Alcohol can cause Liver disease and impaired brain as it is toxic for liver cells and damage neurones
• Exposure to carcinogens causes cancer as damages dna in cells
• correlations mean that they are related to certain deseases but don't necessarily cause it
• Casual mechanism - how one factor influences another through a biological process
• non-communicable diseases are very expensive and global economy suffers too as it reaches young and working class people
• Tumour cells divide rapidly
• Benign tumours - growth of abnormal cells contained in one place usually within a membrane . Doesn't spread but can get large quickly

  
• Malignant tumour - cancerous tumour that can spread to other parts of the body, invading healthy tissues
• Cause of cancer : Genetic factor

  Result of mutations

  Ionising radiation
• Treat cancer by Radiotherapy (cancer cell destroyed by radiation) and Chemotherapy(Chemicals are used to either stop cancer cells dividing or make them "self destruct")
• Stents (solution to Coronary heart disease) - keeps the arteries open to allow blood to flow through

  • Effective in lowering risk of heart attack
  • Recovery time from surgery is quick
  • Risk of blood clot near stent (thrombosis) , Risk of heart attack or infection during procedure
• Statins - Decreases level of LDL (which leads to coronory heart disease)

  • Reduce risk of strokes and heart disease and attack
  • Increase level of HDL(Good cholestrol)
  • Side affects , Need to be taken consistently
  • may not have immediate effect