Pe Skeletal system

• What are the major joints analyzed in the upper limb?

  • Wrist joint
  • Elbow joint
  • Shoulder joint
• What is the term for the muscle that contracts to produce a movement?

  Agonist muscle
• What is the term for the muscle that opposes the action of the agonist?

  Antagonist muscle
• What are the movements associated with the wrist joint?

  • Flexion
  • Extension
• What are the primary muscles involved in wrist flexion?

  Flexors
• What are the primary muscles involved in wrist extension?

  Extensors
• What is the definition of a plane of movement?

  A plane of movement is a flat surface along which movement occurs.
• What are the types of joints and their corresponding movements in the sagittal plane?

  • Ball and Socket (Shoulder): Flexion and Extension
  • Ball and Socket (Hip): Flexion and Extension
  • Hinge (Elbow): Flexion and Extension
  • Hinge (Ankle): Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion
  • Condyloid (Wrist): Flexion and Extension
• What movements occur in the frontal plane and their corresponding joint types?

  • Ball and Socket (Hip and Shoulder): Adduction and Abduction
  • Ball and Socket (Hip): Medial and Lateral Rotation
  • Condyloid (Wrist): Adduction and Abduction
• What movements occur at the radio-ulnar joint?

  • Pronation
  • Supination
• What movements occur in the transverse plane and their corresponding joint types?

  • Ball and Socket (Shoulder): Horizontal Flexion and Extension
  • Ball and Socket (Hip): Horizontal Flexion and Extension
  • Pivot (Radio Ulnar): Pronation and Supination
• What type of joint is found in the shoulder and what movements does it allow in the sagittal plane?

  Ball and Socket joint allows flexion and extension.
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for pronation?

  Pronator Teres
• What type of joint is found in the hip and what movements does it allow in the sagittal plane?

  Ball and Socket joint allows flexion and extension.
• What type of joint is found in the elbow and what movements does it allow in the sagittal plane?

  Hinge joint allows flexion and extension.
• Which muscle is primarily responsible for supination?

  Supinator
• What type of joint is found in the ankle and what movements does it allow in the sagittal plane?

  Hinge joint allows plantarflexion and dorsiflexion.
• What type of joint is found in the wrist and what movements does it allow in the sagittal plane?

  Condyloid joint allows flexion and extension.
• What type of joint is found in the hip and shoulder and what movements does it allow in the frontal plane?

  Ball and Socket joint allows adduction and abduction.
• What type of joint is found in the hip and what movements does it allow in the frontal plane?

  Ball and Socket joint allows medial and lateral rotation.
• What type of joint is found in the wrist and what movements does it allow in the frontal plane?

  Condyloid joint allows adduction and abduction.
• What are the movements associated with the elbow joint?

  • Flexion
  • Extension
• Which muscle is the agonist for elbow flexion?

  Bicep Brachii
• What type of joint is found in the shoulder and what movements does it allow in the transverse plane?

  Ball and Socket joint allows horizontal flexion and extension.
• What type of joint is found in the hip and what movements does it allow in the transverse plane?

  Ball and Socket joint allows horizontal flexion and extension.
• Which muscle is the agonist for elbow extension?

  Triceps Brachii
• What type of joint is found in the radio ulnar and what movements does it allow in the transverse plane?

  Pivot joint allows pronation and supination.
• What is a ligament?


  A band of strong fibrous connective tissue
• What are the movements associated with the shoulder joint?

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Horizontal flexion
  • Horizontal extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Lateral rotation
  • Medial rotation
• What is the primary function of a ligament?

  Connects bone to bone and provides stability at the joint
• What is the joint capsule?

  A tough fibrous tissue that surrounds the joint
• Which muscle is the agonist for shoulder flexion?

  Anterior Deltoid
• How many layers does the joint capsule have?

  Two layers
• What does the joint capsule do?

  It strengthens the joint and secretes synovial fluid
• Which muscle is the agonist for shoulder extension?

  Posterior Deltoid
• What is articular cartilage?


  Smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones in the joint
• What is the function of articular cartilage?

  It absorbs shock and prevents friction between two joints
• What is a bursa?

  A flattened sac which contains a thin layer of fluid
• What is the function of a bursa in the joint?

  It prevents friction where features might rub together, such as tendons and bones
• Which muscle is the agonist for horizontal flexion at the shoulder?

  Pectoralis Major