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Chemistry
Paper 1
Rates of Reaction
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Cards (40)
What is the Haber process an example of?
Le Chatelier's principle
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In which state is the reaction of the Haber process carried out?
Gaseous
state
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What happens to the equilibrium when the temperature is increased?
It shifts to the
left
,
increasing
the amount of reactants
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What is the effect of decreasing the temperature on the equilibrium?
It shifts to the
right
,
increasing
the amount of product
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What occurs when the concentration of reactants is increased?
The
equilibrium
shifts to the
right
to produce more product
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What happens when the concentration of products is increased?
The
equilibrium
shifts to the left to reach
equilibrium
again
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What is the effect of increasing the pressure in a gas reaction?
The
equilibrium
shifts to the right, where there are
fewer
molecules of gas
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What occurs when the pressure in a gas reaction is decreased?
The equilibrium shifts to the left, where there are more gas molecules
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What does Le Chatelier's principle state?
If a system is at
equilibrium
and a
change
is made to any of the conditions, then the system responds to counteract the change
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What is dynamic equilibrium?
An equilibrium where the
forward
and
backward
reactions are happening at the same rate
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What is activation energy?
The
minimum
energy required for a
chemical
reaction to take place
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What does collision theory state?
For a chemical reaction to happen, particles must collide with sufficient energy
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What two factors affect the rate of a reaction according to collision theory?
The
frequency
of collisions and the
energy
with which particles collide
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How does increasing the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction?
It increases the frequency of collisions, making the reaction faster
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What is the relationship between concentration and rate of reaction?
Concentration
is
directly proportional
to the rate of reaction
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What does a steeper gradient on a rate of reaction graph indicate?
A
faster
reaction
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What happens to the graph of a reaction as the same amount of reactant is used?
The graph
flattens off
(
plateaus
)
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What factors can change the rate of a chemical reaction?
Changing
temperature
Changing
pressure
Changing the
concentration
of a solution
Changing the
surface area
Adding a
catalyst
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What is a biological catalyst called?
Enzyme
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What is a
reaction profile
?
A graph showing the energies of the reactants and products at different
stages
of the chemical reaction
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How does increasing the surface area of a solid affect the rate of reaction?
It increases the frequency of
collisions
, thus
increasing
the rate of reaction
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What is the role of a
catalyst
in a chemical reaction?
It speeds up a reaction by
lowering
the
activation
energy
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Why are catalysts not included in chemical equations?
Because they are not
used
up in a chemical
reaction
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How does increasing gas pressure affect the rate of reaction?
It increases the rate of reaction by
increasing
the frequency of
collisions
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What is the optimum temperature for most enzymes?
Around
37°C
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How does increasing temperature affect particle movement and reaction rate?
Particles move faster, increasing collision frequency and energy
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How can the rate of reaction be calculated?
By measuring the quantity of reactant used or product made in a certain time
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What units can be used to measure the quantity in rate of reaction calculations?
Volume
in cm³ or
mass
in grams (g)
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What is the formula for calculating the rate of reaction using reactant used?
Rate of Reaction =
R
e
a
c
t
a
n
t
u
s
e
d
t
i
m
e
\frac{Reactant \, used}{time}
t
im
e
R
e
a
c
t
an
t
u
se
d
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What is the formula for calculating the rate of reaction using product made?
Rate of Reaction =
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
m
a
d
e
t
i
m
e
\frac{Product \, made}{time}
t
im
e
P
ro
d
u
c
t
ma
d
e
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How do you find the rate of reaction from a graph?
The
gradient
of a
volume
or mass/time graph gives the rate of reaction
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What should you do to measure the gradient of a curve on a graph?
Draw a tangent to the curve
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What is the first step to draw a tangent on a graph?
Line
your
ruler
up across your graph, touching the line at the point of interest
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How do you calculate the mean rate of reaction from a graph?
Pick two y values and two x values, subtract the largest from the smallest, and divide the y value by the x value
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What are the methods to measure the rate of a chemical reaction?
Measuring the
mass
lost in a chemical reaction
Measuring the
volume
of gas produced
Time taken to make an X
disappear
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What is the definition of rate of
reaction
?
The rate at which
reactants
are being turned into
products
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What is a
reactant
?
What is used in a
chemical
reaction
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What is a product?
What is
made
in a chemical
reaction
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What is a catalyst?
A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up
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What is a tangent in the context of a graph?
A
straight line
that touches a
curve
at a point
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