Rates of Reaction

    Cards (40)

    • What is the Haber process an example of?
      Le Chatelier's principle
    • In which state is the reaction of the Haber process carried out?
      Gaseous state
    • What happens to the equilibrium when the temperature is increased?
      It shifts to the left, increasing the amount of reactants
    • What is the effect of decreasing the temperature on the equilibrium?
      It shifts to the right, increasing the amount of product
    • What occurs when the concentration of reactants is increased?
      The equilibrium shifts to the right to produce more product
    • What happens when the concentration of products is increased?
      The equilibrium shifts to the left to reach equilibrium again
    • What is the effect of increasing the pressure in a gas reaction?
      The equilibrium shifts to the right, where there are fewer molecules of gas
    • What occurs when the pressure in a gas reaction is decreased?
      The equilibrium shifts to the left, where there are more gas molecules
    • What does Le Chatelier's principle state?
      If a system is at equilibrium and a change is made to any of the conditions, then the system responds to counteract the change
    • What is dynamic equilibrium?
      An equilibrium where the forward and backward reactions are happening at the same rate
    • What is activation energy?
      The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to take place
    • What does collision theory state?
      For a chemical reaction to happen, particles must collide with sufficient energy
    • What two factors affect the rate of a reaction according to collision theory?
      The frequency of collisions and the energy with which particles collide
    • How does increasing the concentration of a solution affect the rate of reaction?
      It increases the frequency of collisions, making the reaction faster
    • What is the relationship between concentration and rate of reaction?
      Concentration is directly proportional to the rate of reaction
    • What does a steeper gradient on a rate of reaction graph indicate?
      A faster reaction
    • What happens to the graph of a reaction as the same amount of reactant is used?
      The graph flattens off (plateaus)
    • What factors can change the rate of a chemical reaction?
      • Changing temperature
      • Changing pressure
      • Changing the concentration of a solution
      • Changing the surface area
      • Adding a catalyst
    • What is a biological catalyst called?
      Enzyme
    • What is a reaction profile?

      A graph showing the energies of the reactants and products at different stages of the chemical reaction
    • How does increasing the surface area of a solid affect the rate of reaction?
      It increases the frequency of collisions, thus increasing the rate of reaction
    • What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

      It speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy
    • Why are catalysts not included in chemical equations?
      Because they are not used up in a chemical reaction
    • How does increasing gas pressure affect the rate of reaction?
      It increases the rate of reaction by increasing the frequency of collisions
    • What is the optimum temperature for most enzymes?
      Around 37°C
    • How does increasing temperature affect particle movement and reaction rate?
      Particles move faster, increasing collision frequency and energy
    • How can the rate of reaction be calculated?
      By measuring the quantity of reactant used or product made in a certain time
    • What units can be used to measure the quantity in rate of reaction calculations?
      Volume in cm³ or mass in grams (g)
    • What is the formula for calculating the rate of reaction using reactant used?
      Rate of Reaction = Reactantusedtime\frac{Reactant \, used}{time}
    • What is the formula for calculating the rate of reaction using product made?
      Rate of Reaction = Productmadetime\frac{Product \, made}{time}
    • How do you find the rate of reaction from a graph?
      The gradient of a volume or mass/time graph gives the rate of reaction
    • What should you do to measure the gradient of a curve on a graph?
      Draw a tangent to the curve
    • What is the first step to draw a tangent on a graph?
      Line your ruler up across your graph, touching the line at the point of interest
    • How do you calculate the mean rate of reaction from a graph?
      Pick two y values and two x values, subtract the largest from the smallest, and divide the y value by the x value
    • What are the methods to measure the rate of a chemical reaction?
      1. Measuring the mass lost in a chemical reaction
      2. Measuring the volume of gas produced
      3. Time taken to make an X disappear
    • What is the definition of rate of reaction?

      The rate at which reactants are being turned into products
    • What is a reactant?

      What is used in a chemical reaction
    • What is a product?
      What is made in a chemical reaction
    • What is a catalyst?
      A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up
    • What is a tangent in the context of a graph?
      A straight line that touches a curve at a point
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