M16

• The first drug available for human immunodeficiency virus

  • ZDU
• Human immunodeficiency virus which cell in the immune system

  • CD4+ T helper cell
• Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions that occur immediately upon re-exposure of a sensitized individual to an antigen

  • Anaphylactic reactions
• referred as a universal recipient

  • AB
• If the blood group of an individual is A then the antibody present is:

  • Anti B antibodies
• This blood type can be transfused to the individual whose type is unknown

  • O-
• Occur from few minutes to 24 hours after contact with a particular antigen

  • Immediate-type hypersensitivity
• usually takes more than 24 hours to manifest itself. It is also known as type IV hypersensitivity reactions or cell-mediated reaction

  • Delayed-type hypersensitivity
• Include fever symptoms, asthma, hive, gastrointestinal symptoms that result from food allergies, allergic reaction to insect sting and drugs

  AKA anaphylactic reactions/ allergic reaction

  • Type l reactions
• Occurs 5 to 8 hours, antigen causes formation of IgM and IgG antibodies that bind to target cell; when combined with action of complement, destroys target cell. Also known as Cytotoxic reaction

  • Type ll reactions
• Molecules of a drug such as quinine accumulate on the surface of a platelet and stimulate an immune response that destroys the platelet.

  • Thrombocytopenic purpura
• Blueberry muffin skin mottling

  • Hemolytic anemia
• Destruction of granulocytic white cells which affects the body's phagocytic defense

  • agranulocytosis
• Occurs 3 to 8 hours, Antibodies and antigens form complexes that cause damaging inflammation. Also known as Immune Complex Reactions

  • Type lll reactions
• Occurs 24 to 48 hours, Antigens activate Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes that kills target cell. They occur in tuberculin and fungal skin tests, contact dermatitis, and transplantation rejection. Also known Delayed Cell-Mediated Reaction

  • Type IV reactions
• Results when a person's immune system no longer recognizes certain body tissues as self and attempts to destroy those tissues as if they were non-self or foreign

  • Autoimmune disease
• Involves antibodies that attack self

  • Type l Autoimmunity
• Is mediated by antibodies specific for cell surface components or the extracellular matrix

  • Type ll (Cytotoxic Autoimmune reaction)
• Is mediated by the formation of immune complexes

  • Type lll (Immune complex) Autoimmune reaction
• Is mediated by effector t cells

  • type IV (Cell-mediated) autoimmune reactions
• IMMUNODEFICIENCIES

  Also known as primary immunodeficiencies

  • Congenital Immunodeficiencies

  Also known as secondary immunodeficiencies

  • Acquired immunodeficiencies