SC 3.3

• Definition

  • Human blood consists of two components, namely 55% blood plasma (pale yellow fluid) and 45% blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets)
  • The components of blood are normally separated using the centrifugal method. The mixture of blood is rapidly spun in a centrifuge
• The chemicals in the blood and their functions:

  • Water
  • Water becomes a transport medium and solvent for respiratory gases, ions, digestive products, and excrement
  • Nutrients (glucose and vitamins)
  • Nutrients are important in energy production, growth, and health maintenance
  • Dissolved gas
  • Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and carbon dioxide is the result of cellular respiration
  • Wastes substances
  • Wastes such as urea are transported to the kidneys for elimination
• The chemicals in the blood and their functions:

  • Enzymes
  • Enzymes are needed to speed up biochemical reactions in cells
  • Hormones
  • Hormones are chemicals that regulate the activity of certain tissues or organs
• Plasma

  • A pale yellow colour
  • 90% is water and 10% is soluble substances such as glucose, amino acid, mineral salts, vitamin, enzymes, waste products, hormones and gases

  Function

  Transport digested food to body cells

  transport excretory products from body tissues to the excretory organs

  Control body temperature

  Transport the hormones to the tissues for metabolic processes

  maintain pH level in the blood
• White blood cell

  • Do not have a fixed shape
  • Have a big nucleus
  • do not have haemoglobin
  • life span is 2 to 4 days
  • produced in the bone marrow and spleen

  Function

  • protect and defense from harmful microorganism
  • kill bacteria in the body
  • Produce antibodies to neutralized toxin produced by microorganism
• Red blood cell

  • Contain haemoglobin
  • Round shaped and biconcave
  • No nucleus
  • Life span is 120 days
  • Produced in the marrow of long bones
  • Lack of red blood cell - Anaemia

  Function

  • Carries oxygen in blood
• Platelet

  • Do not have haemoglobin
  • Cell fragments
  • No nucleus
  • Life span 14 days
  • Produced in bone marrow

  Function

  • Helps in the clotting of blood
• Blood Group A

  Antigen A

  Antibody Anti-B

  Cannot receive type B and AB because these two blood contain B antigen
• Blood Group B

  • Antigen B
  • Antibody Anti-A
  • Cannot receive type A and AB because these two blood contain A antigen
• Blood Group AB

  • Antigen A and B
  • No antibody
  • Can receive all blood group because no antibodies in the blood (universal recipent)
• Blood Group O

  • No antigen (universal donor)
  • Antibody Anti-A and Anti-B
  • Cannot receive all blood group except blood group O because the presence of antibodies Anti-A and Anti-B in the blood
• • Blood transfusion should be done according to the appropriate blood class to prevent blood coagulation / agglutination to the recipient
• The importance of donating blood:

  • Can save lives and not harm donors
  • Reduce the risk of cancer and heart disease
  • Required for surgery, accident victims or to treat patients with leukemia, haemophilia and other illness